Toxicity of acrylamide and evaluation of its exposure in baby foods

Erkekoğlu, Pınar; Baydar, Terken

doi:10.1017/s0954422410000211

Cited by 56 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Although industrial heat-processing of infant formulas results in a substantial rise of early and advanced glycation end-products [17], in contrast to thermally processed foods consumed by adults, infant formulas generally contain only traces of, if any, other heat-born toxic substances [61]–[63]. Thus, as far as the ongoing debate whether dietary AGEs are harmful to human health or not is concerned [18], [21], [49], [50], [64], our data favor the assumption that the negative health effects of thermally processed foods do not result from ingestion of CML per se, but rather from other AGEs, or additive effects of different heat-processing-derived substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Glycation End Products in Infant Formulas Do Not Contribute to Insulin Resistance Associated with Their Consumption

et al. 2013

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IntroductionInfant formula-feeding is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity. In rodents and healthy humans, advanced glycation end product (AGE)-rich diets exert diabetogenic effects. In comparison with human breast-milk, infant formulas contain high amounts of AGEs. We assessed the role of AGEs in infant-formula-consumption-associated insulin resistance.MethodsTotal plasma levels of Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), AGEs-associated fluorescence (λex = 370 nm/λem = 445 nm), soluble adhesion molecules, markers of micro- binflammation (hsCRP), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, 8-isoprostanes) and leptinemia were determined, and correlated with insulin sensitivity in a cross-sectional study in 166 healthy term infants aged 3-to-14 months, subdivided according to feeding regimen (breast-milk- vs. infant formula-fed) and age (3-to-6-month-olds, 7-to-10-month-olds, and 11-to-14-month-old infants). Effects of the consumption of low- vs. high-CML-containing formulas were assessed. 36 infants aged 5.8±0.3 months were followed-up 7.5±0.3 months later.ResultsCross-sectional study: 3-to-6-month-olds and 7-to-10-month-old formula-fed infants presented higher total plasma CML levels and AGEs-associated fluorescence (p<0.01, both), while only the 3-to-6-month-olds displayed lower insulin sensitivity (p<0.01) than their breast-milk-fed counterparts. 3-to-6-month-olds fed low-CML-containing formulas presented lower total plasma CML levels (p<0.01), but similar insulin sensitivity compared to those on high-CML-containing formulas. Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, levels of leptin and adhesion molecules did not differ significantly between the groups. Follow-up study: at initial investigation, the breast-milk-consuming infants displayed lower total plasma CML levels (p<0.01) and AGEs-associated fluorescence (p<0.05), but higher insulin sensitivity (p<0.05) than the formulas-consuming infants. At follow-up, the groups did not differ significantly in either determined parameter.ConclusionsIn healthy term infants, high dietary load with CML does not play a pathophysiological role in the induction of infant formula-associated insulin resistance. Whether a high load of AGEs in early childhood affects postnatal programming remains to be elucidated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Glycation End Products in Infant Formulas Do Not Contribute to Insulin Resistance Associated with Their Consumption

et al. 2013

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“…Nevertheless, the obvious toxicological implications of food-borne acrylamide has initiated substantial public and scientific concern and has significantly increased interest in the toxic effects of acrylamide. 58,59 'Cumulative neurotoxicity' is caused by several neurotoxicants after chronic exposure. Some agents do not produce neurotoxic effects after acute effects but are able to cause neurotoxicity after chronic exposure.…”

Section: Dose-response Relationships For Neurotoxicity Of Acrylamidementioning

confidence: 99%

Acrylamide neurotoxicity

Erkekoğlu

Baydar

2013

Nutritional Neuroscience

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170

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Acrylamide, a food contaminant, belongs to a large class of structurally similar toxic chemicals, 'type-2 alkenes', to which humans are widely exposed. Besides, occupational exposure to acrylamide has received wide attention through the last decades. It is classified as a neurotoxin and there are three important hypothesis considering acrylamide neurotoxicity: inhibition of kinesin-based fast axonal transport, alteration of neurotransmitter levels, and direct inhibition of neurotransmission. While many researchers believe that exposure of humans to relatively low levels of acrylamide in the diet will not result in clinical neuropathy, some neurotoxicologists are concerned about the potential for its cumulative neurotoxicity. It has been shown in several studies that the same neurotoxic effects can be observed at low and high doses of acrylamide, with the low doses simply requiring longer exposures. This review is focused on the neurotoxicity of acrylamide and its possible outcomes.

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“…Furan has been classified as a ‘possible human carcinogen’ and is found in low concentrations in some baby foods [58,59]. Acrylamide, another possible carcinogen, is formed during heating of starchy foods for longer periods of time and has been detected in low amounts in infant formulae and commercial baby foods [60]. Much higher concentrations of acrylamide can occur in homemade and general foods fed to infants and young children, who reach much higher exposures than all other parts of the population [61,62].…”

Section: Contaminants and Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and Safety Aspects of Infant Nutrition

Koletzko¹,

Shamir

Ashwell

2012

Ann Nutr Metab

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Quality and safety aspects of infant nutrition are of key importance for child health, but oftentimes they do not get much attention by health care professionals whose interest tends to focus on functional benefits of early nutrition. Unbalanced diets and harmful food components induce particularly high risks for untoward effects in infants because of their rapid growth, high nutrient needs, and their typical dependence on only one or few foods during the first months of life. The concepts, standards and practices that relate to infant food quality and safety were discussed at a scientific workshop organized by the Child Health Foundation and the Early Nutrition Academy jointly with the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and a summary is provided here. The participants reviewed past and current issues on quality and safety, the role of different stakeholders, and recommendations to avert future issues. It was concluded that a high level of quality and safety is currently achieved, but this is no reason for complacency. The food industry carries the primary responsibility for the safety and suitability of their products, including the quality of composition, raw materials and production processes. Introduction of new or modified products should be preceded by a thorough science based review of suitability and safety by an independent authority. Food safety events should be managed on an international basis. Global collaboration of food producers, food-safety authorities, paediatricians and scientists is needed to efficiently exchange information and to best protect public health.

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Toxicity of acrylamide and evaluation of its exposure in baby foods

Cited by 56 publications

References 82 publications

Advanced Glycation End Products in Infant Formulas Do Not Contribute to Insulin Resistance Associated with Their Consumption

Advanced Glycation End Products in Infant Formulas Do Not Contribute to Insulin Resistance Associated with Their Consumption

Acrylamide neurotoxicity

Quality and Safety Aspects of Infant Nutrition

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