Toxicity of bean cooking media containing EDTA in mice

Abstract

The possible renal and hepatic toxicities of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in bean cooking media were studied using 100 male albino mice. Two sublethal doses of EDTA were used to explore their toxic effects; 20 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, which corresponded to 1/100th and 1/10th of LD50, respectively. Accordingly, the toxicity study was performed using 50 mice, divided into five groups ( n = 10/group) as follows: group 1 (Gp1) served as a negative control and was orally administered normal saline; group 2 (Gp2) was administered the bean cooking medium; group 3 (Gp3) was administered EDTA (200 mg/kg); group 4 (Gp4) was administered bean cooking medium containing 20 mg/kg of EDTA; and group 5 (Gp5) was administered bean cooking medium containing 200 mg/kg of EDTA. The results showed no significant changes in liver and kidney functions in Gp2 while Gp3, Gp4, and Gp5 exhibited significant increases in adverse liver and kidney function markers. Hematocrit values were significantly decreased in Gp3 and Gp5, while the total white blood cells counts were significantly decreased in Gp3 and significantly increased in Gp5. The number of platelets was decreased in Gp3, Gp4, and Gp5. The blood levels of sodium (Na+), iron (Fe2+), and calcium (Ca2+) were decreased in Gp3, Gp4, and Gp5 due to the chelating effects of EDTA. The hepatic and renal architectures were disorganized in Gp3, Gp4, and Gp5 with some hemorrhagic manifestations in livers and kidneys of mice. These results demonstrate that EDTA in bean cooking is harmful in mice under the conditions of this study, and the potentially harmful effects in humans supports restricting its use.

Effect of sub-acute and sub-chronic administration of Vicia faba's cooking medium containing EDTA on hepato-renal functions in albino mice

“…Consistent with the hematological and biochemical ndings, the present study indicated that the effect of C.M./EDTA administration for 15 days did not alter both liver and kidney architecture, however, post 90 days of administration, C.M./EDTA (10 mg/Kg) induced histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney tissues. Similar ndings were found on the histopathological alterations of liver and kidneys upon administrating the experimental animals with C.M./EDTA for long time (El-Naggar et al 2019a). Wang et al (2004) reported that there was marked hepatocyte damage in rats administered with EDTA.…”

“…This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of subacute and chronic administration of C.M./EDTA (10 mg/Kg) on the hepatorenal functions in the experimental mice. Previous study showed that administration of 20 mg/Kg or 200 mg/Kg led to toxic effects on the liver and kidney tissues in experimental animals that evidenced by the increase in ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine biomarkers and altered histological architectures of liver and kidney tissues (El-Naggar et al 2019a). In the present study, administration of C.M alone for 15 days (sub-acute), or 90 days (sub-chronic) did not signi cantly alter the body weight changes when compared to their control.…”

“…Previous studies reported that cooking could alter phytochemicals constitute and hence in uence the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in food (Podsedek et al 2008;Chan et al 2009;Rawson et al 2013;Gunathilake et al 2018). Using of chemicals in cooking negatively affect the nutritional value of faba seeds and could be harmful upon eating on human health (El-Naggar et al 2019a;El-Naggar et al 2019b).…”

“…Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) is a chelator agent, potentially used for vascular disease treatment, keratopathy and increased the e cacy of chemotherapy (Kobayashi et al 2015;Ferrero 2016;El-Naggar et al 2019a;El-Naggar et al 2019b). EDTA may inhibit bleomycin nuclease activity, which in turn induces cancer cell apoptosis (Feril et al 2017).…”

“…Administration of 750 mg/kg/day of EDTA was reported as the lowest dose that caused a toxic effect and induce DNA damage or chromosomal breaking in human and mice with no carcinogenic effects (Lanigan and Yamarik 2002). Recently, in vivo study showed that the administration of C.M./EDTA (20 or 40 mg/Kg) for 90 days caused pathophysiological alterations evidenced by increase the adverse of liver and kidney function biomarkers in mice (El-Naggar et al 2019a). Therefore, this study was extended to address the adverse effect of sub-acute and chronic administrations of C.M./EDTA (10 mg/Kg) on hepato-renal functions in experimental mice.…”