Toxicity of Binary Chemical Mixtures: Effects on Reproduction of Zebrafish ( Brachydanio rerio )

Ensenbach, Uwe; Nagel, Roland

doi:10.1007/s002449900176

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This reduction in sperm released could therefore be due to the influences of the xenobiotic on the endocrine system as stated Mattison and Thomson, 17) Donaldson and Scherer 18) More recently, Schettler 11) reported that in general wildlife studies demonstrated a relationship between exposures to endocrine disrupting substances and abnormal thyroid function, sex alterations, poor hatching success, decreased fertility and growth, and altered behavior. On the other hand, the reduction in egg production and decreased fertility reported by Ensenbach and Nagel 22) during the investigation of the effect of Dichloroaniline and Lindane on the reproduction of zebrafish could have been due to the negative effects of the chemicals on the sperm released by the male fish as found in the present experiment. How far these modifications in hormone concentrations lead to the decrease of sperm released by the male zebrafish is not known.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Reduced fertilization rates in exposed group as compared to controls may have different causes: direct effect of the substance on spermatogenesis, effect on the released sperm only or on the eggs by change of the egg membrane to the effect that penetration of intact spermatozoa is hindered or prevented. Finally more recently, Ensenbach and Nagel 22) reported that one of the most important effects of xenobiotics on fish is the impairment of reproduction. According to all these reports, why not seeking to establish whether DDT for e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alteration in Sperm Release from Zebrafish(Brachydanio Rerio) Exposed to DDT.

Njiwa

Müller

2002

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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This study describes a long-term toxicity test within a period of 2 months using zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) as the test species and concentrations of 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 µg/l DDT as a model substance. By collecting and counting the number of sperm released during separate mating events we observed that gametes are released asynchronously. Sperm is released in the form of sperm trails laid on the nest surface; subsequently active spermatozoa leave the trails and move in the water for several minutes. Sperm trails consists of bands of viscous material in which sperm is embedded. The water samples for the estimation of sperm presence were collected gradually within 180 min after 24 hr, 2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months of exposure. It was established that the reduction in count, activity of sperm and the average life span of sperm trails were significant (p < 0.05) at the tested concentrations 5 µg/l and 50 µg/l DDT after 1 month of exposure. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that long exposure time and higher DDT tested levels accelerate the occurrence of negative effect on the number and activity of sperm released as well as the life span of their trails.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration in Sperm Release from Zebrafish(Brachydanio Rerio) Exposed to DDT.

Njiwa

Müller

2002

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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“…A mixture of 3,4-dichloroaniline and lindane had an additive effect and influenced growth somewhat in early life stages of small fish (69). If the fish were exposed for the whole life span, they stopped reproducing (70). There was no single clear-cut mechanism to explain the toxicity of 4-nitro-and 2,4-dinitroaniline to various environmental eukaryotes and prokaryotes (71).…”

Section: Studies On Environmental Impactmentioning

confidence: 91%

Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds

Bingham¹,

McGowan²

2012

Patty's Toxicology

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Logically, aromatic nitro and amino compounds should be discussed together because their toxic responses are often similar due to a common metabolic intermediate. Synthetically, amines are generally derived from nitro compounds, but in some cases nitro compounds can be prepared through amines when other methods fail to afford specific compounds. There are good and bad attributes to these types of compounds. Some act as sensitizers and contingent on physical properties may be absorbed through the skin or mucous membranes. They may also cause methemoglobinemia, depending on such factors as the structure and the particular organism. Some members of this class are known as animal and human carcinogens; for humans, the urinary bladder is the most prominent target organ. Nevertheless, these compounds and their derivatives have enlivened our world through their use as dyestuff intermediates or as photographic chemicals, they alleviate pain as components of widely used analgesics, and they cushion or insulate us through their use in flexible and rigid foams. Other important uses include production of pesticides, including herbicides and fungicides, as ingredients in adhesives, paints and coatings, antioxidants, explosives, optical brighteners, rubber ingredients, and as intermediates in many other products.

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“…The early life stages of fish provide an array of developmental parameters, which could serve as biomarkers of toxicant effects (Nagel 2002;Hallare et al 2004;Braunbeck et al 2005). The impact of toxicants on embryo growth and ontogeny could be extrapolated to assess effects at population levels (Ensenbach and Nagel 1997). Apart from its sensitivity, this test offers practical advantages over fish acute toxicity tests.…”

Section: Significance Of Using Fish Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The versatile, changing, and advancing roles of fish in sediment toxicity assessment—a review

2010

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Purpose Sediments serve as integral and dynamic parts of our aquatic systems. Within the last 15 to 20 years, however, the scientific community has begun noticing deterioration of sediment quality at an alarming rate worldwide. Sediments are now harboring hazardous pollutants that can directly influence water quality, thereby creating very stressful conditions for aquatic life. As a consequence, global efforts were initiated in the early 1970s, to find ways to assess sediment quality. Because of their obvious ecological and economic significance, fish have remained a major taxonomic group for appraising the general quality of aquatic systems. However, for sediment risk assessment, fish have lagged behind invertebrates due to their mobility and generally, pelagic lifestyle. To our knowledge, this is the first paper that comprehensively presents and reviews the versatile role of fish in assessing the state of health of aquatic sediments.Main features Through a literature search of the more relevant and/or more recent studies, this review attempted to trace the development of the various approaches as well as to describe the future prospects of using fish as sentinels for sediment quality assessment. Initially, the use of whole fish (juveniles or adults) bioassays contributed immensely to our understanding of sediment contamination and ecotoxicology. But due to economic as well as ethical issues linked to the use of live vertebrates for toxicity testing, the approach has shifted to using fish cell cultures and fish embryos. Much newer approaches involving receptors and gene arrays in fish cells to elucidate the mode of action of sediment-borne contaminants are very promising. The review paper also lists and explores some of the issues associated with the use of juvenile or adult fish, fish cell cultures, fish embryos, and fish gene expression profiles in sediment toxicity evaluations to stimulate further discussions, and hopefully, to serve as benchmark for future handling of similar or related aspects of fish utilization in sediment risk assessment. Conclusions and perspectives Overall, the present review has comprehensively explored the changing and progressing roles of fish in sediment toxicity evaluation. Indeed the usefulness of this taxon as test organisms has provided a significant contribution to the advancement of sediment toxicology. However, despite the quite optimistic and bright future for these current procedures, a number of issues and problems remain. Therefore, efforts to develop new technologies and to refine current methods and approaches continue to challenge many laboratories worldwide.

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Toxicity of Binary Chemical Mixtures: Effects on Reproduction of Zebrafish ( Brachydanio rerio )

Cited by 39 publications

References 18 publications

Alteration in Sperm Release from Zebrafish(Brachydanio Rerio) Exposed to DDT.

Alteration in Sperm Release from Zebrafish(Brachydanio Rerio) Exposed to DDT.

Aromatic Nitro and Amino Compounds

The versatile, changing, and advancing roles of fish in sediment toxicity assessment—a review

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