Toxicity of cylindrospermopsin to the brine shrimp Artemia salina: comparisons with protein synthesis inhibitors and microcystins

Metcalf, James S.; Lindsay, Jaime; Beattie, Kenneth A.; Birmingham, S.; Saker, Martin L.; Törökné, Andrea; Codd, Geoffrey A.

doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(02)00105-8

Cited by 91 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Two other CYP450 inhibitors, ketoconazole and proadifen, were observed to confer similar protection to mouse hepatocytes (Froscio et al, 2003). Experiments in cultured hepatocytes (Froscio et al, 2003) support a hypothesis that CYP450 metabolites of cylindrospermopsin are responsible for the rapid toxic effects, because protein synthesis inhibition by cylindrospermopsin does not result in cell death at 24 h. Furthermore, when brine shrimp are exposed to cylindrospermopsin the LC 50 is observed to decrease ninefold at 72 h relative to 24 h (Metcalf et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…A sigmoidal concentration response curve would be expected but may not have resulted because of the limited number of test concentrations. In the only other aquatic organism where the lethal effects of pure toxin have been examined, the brine shrimp Artemia salina, exposure to 20 lg mL 21 of the toxin for 24 h kills 65% of the population (Metcalf et al, 2002), whereas in N. lovaniensis, only a 15% reduction in viable plaques is expected when exposed to the same toxin concentration. The comparison of the LC 50 for A. salina and the approximate LC 50 for N. lovaniensis, 8.1 lg mL 21 and 60 lg mL 21 respectively, suggests that the crustacean may be sevenfold more susceptible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison of the LC 50 for A. salina and the approximate LC 50 for N. lovaniensis, 8.1 lg mL 21 and 60 lg mL 21 respectively, suggests that the crustacean may be sevenfold more susceptible. Although N. lovaniensis appears to be somewhat more resistant to cylindrospermopsin than A. salina, the fact that the toxin (or cell extract containing the toxin) has similar or more dramatic affects on other animals and plants (Metcalf et al, 2002;Nogueira et al, 2004), would suggest a general mechanism of action for eukaryotic cell types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have demonstrated that cylindrospermopsin bioaccumulates in aquatic invertebrates (Saker and Eaglesham, 1999;Nogueira et al, 2004;Saker et al, 2004;White et al, 2006); however, only two studies have examined the effects of cylindrospermopsin on survivorship (Metcalf et al, 2002;Noguiera et al, 2004). In the crustacean Artemia salina, exposure to pure cylindrospermopsin killed subjects in a dose-dependent manner, with an LC 50 value of 8.1 lg mL 21 at 24 h, subjects somewhat less susceptible to cyanobacterial extracts from four of the five cylindrospermopsin-producing C. raciborskii strains tested (Metcalf et al, 2002). In the cladoceran Daphnia magna, feeding with a highly toxic strain of C. raciborskii (170 fg cell 21 cylindrospermopsin) killed 90% of subjects in 48 h (Nogueira et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An examination of the antibiotic effects of cylindrospermopsin on common gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria and the protozoan Naegleria lovaniensis

Rasmussen

Cursaro

Froscio

et al. 2008

Environmental Toxicology

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The importance of the toxin cylindrospermopsin to the function and fitness of the cyanobacteria that produce it remains a matter of conjecture. Given that the structure of cylindrospermopsin has commonalities with other antibacterial protein synthesis inhibitors, such as streptomycin, authors tested the possibility that the toxin might act as an antibacterial compound that can kill competing microbes. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested by the minimal inhibitory concentration method and significant antibacterial activity was only observed at a cylindrospermopsin concentration of 300 lg mL 21 after exposure for 5 days. No effect on log phase growth of E. coli was observed for this same toxin concentration. Protein synthesis was inhibited by cylindrospermopsin in E. coli 70S extracts, reduced by 25% compared with controls when treated with 41.5 lg mL 21 of the toxin; however, a much greater reduction of 97% was observed for chloramphenicol in the same experiment. Naegleria lovaniensis, a phagotrophic protozoan, was more susceptible to cylindrospermopsin, with a decrease in the number of N. lovaniensis plaques after 24-h treatment with 5-50 lg mL 21 of toxin and an LC 50 of 60 lg mL 21. Given these results, cylindrospermopsin is clearly not antibacterial at concentrations found in environmental waters, nor will it adversely affect N. lovaniensis at these concentrations. For organisms that are able to ingest cylindrospermopsin-producing cells, the response of N. lovaniensis to the toxin suggests that only a few ingested cells would be enough to kill predatory organisms with similar susceptibility. # 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 23: 36-43, 2008.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An examination of the antibiotic effects of cylindrospermopsin on common gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria and the protozoan Naegleria lovaniensis

Rasmussen

Cursaro

Froscio

et al. 2008

Environmental Toxicology

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“…The toxicity of the particles was assessed by means of the Artemia salina bioassay (Campbell et al, 1994;Metcalf et al, 2002). This bioassay was undertaken on nauplii of A. salina, obtained after exposing commercial Artemia cysts (Marinemix, Wimex.…”

Section: Toxicity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity ofAphanizomenon ovalisporum(Cyanobacteria) in a Spanish water reservoir

Quesada¹,

Moreno²,

Carrasco³

et al. 2006

European Journal of Phycology

102

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The summer phytoplankton population in the Arcos reservoir (Spain), an oligotrophic/mesotrophic waterbody, was dominated by the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, accompanied by Planktothrix cf. agardhii and smaller proportions of other cyanobacterial species. The bloom remained for approximately 1 month in the summer of 2004. The Arcos reservoir had moderate conductivity, up to 1756 mS cm À1, and relatively high nutrient concentrations. Planktonic biomass collected during the bloom period was found to be toxic by the Artemia salina bioassay. Analytical procedures based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated the absence of microcystins and anatoxin-a but clearly demonstrated the presence of cylindrospermopsin (CYN), suggesting that CYN from Aphanizomenon ovalisporum was the compound responsible for the toxicity in the bioassay. Measurements indicate that up to 9.4 mg CYN l À1 were present in the sestonic fraction. This is the first report of high concentrations of this cyanotoxin in European waters and the first known instance of a massive bloom of the cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon ovalisporum in Spain.

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Pharmacology of cylindrospermopsin

et al. 2015

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Toxicity of cylindrospermopsin to the brine shrimp Artemia salina: comparisons with protein synthesis inhibitors and microcystins

Cited by 91 publications

References 27 publications

An examination of the antibiotic effects of cylindrospermopsin on common gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria and the protozoan Naegleria lovaniensis

An examination of the antibiotic effects of cylindrospermopsin on common gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria and the protozoan Naegleria lovaniensis

Toxicity ofAphanizomenon ovalisporum(Cyanobacteria) in a Spanish water reservoir

Pharmacology of cylindrospermopsin

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