Toxicity of Endosulfan to Aquatic Stages of Anuran Amphibians

Berrill, Michael; Coulson, Donna; McGillivray, Lise; Pauli, Bruce D.

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(1998)017<1738:toetas>2.3.co;2

Cited by 81 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, the few existing studies of endosulfan's eVects on amphibians suggest that some species can be highly sensitive to quite low concentrations. As is often the case, the high toxicity to many amphibians parallels the high toxicity of endosulfan to freshwater Wsh (reviewed in Berrill et al 1998).…”

Section: (A) (B)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In another study that exposed three species of tadpoles (Rana sylvatica, Rana clamitans, and Bufo americanus) to a range of endosulfan concentrations (68-364 p.p.b. ), Berrill et al (1998) found low mortality during the 4-day exposure, but much higher mortality in the subsequent 11-day post-exposure period (»60% mortality at 68 p.p.b. of endosulfan compared to controls).…”

Section: (A) (B)mentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A cocktail of contaminants: how mixtures of pesticides at low concentrations affect aquatic communities

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ubiquity of anthropogenic chemicals in nature poses a challenge to understanding how ecological communities are impacted by them. While we are rapidly gaining an understanding of how individual contaminants affect communities, communities are exposed to suites of contaminants yet investigations of the effects of diverse contaminant mixtures in aquatic communities are rare. I examined how a single application of five insecticides (malathion, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and endosulfan) and five herbicides (glyphosate, atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor, and 2,4-D) at low concentrations (2-16 p.p.b.) affected aquatic communities composed of zooplankton, phytoplankton, periphyton, and larval amphibians (gray tree frogs, Hyla versicolor, and leopard frogs, Rana pipiens). Using outdoor mesocosms, I examined each pesticide alone, a mix of insecticides, a mix of herbicides, and a mix of all ten pesticides. Individual pesticides had a wide range of direct and indirect effects on all trophic groups. For some taxa (i.e., zooplankton and algae), the impact of pesticide mixtures could largely be predicted from the impacts of individual pesticides; for other taxa (i.e., amphibians) it could not. For amphibians, there was an apparent direct toxic effect of endosulfan that caused 84% mortality of leopard frogs and an indirect effect induced by diazinon that caused 24% mortality of leopard frogs. When pesticides were combined, the mix of herbicides had no negative effects on the survival and metamorphosis of amphibians, but the mix of insecticides and the mix of all ten pesticides eliminated 99% of leopard frogs. Interestingly, these mixtures did not cause mortality in the gray tree frogs and, as a result, the gray tree frogs grew nearly twice as large due to reduced competition with leopard frogs. In short, wetland communities can be dramatically impacted by low concentrations of pesticides (both separate and combined) and these results offer important insights for the conservation of wetland communities.

show abstract

Section: (A) (B)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: (A) (B)mentioning

confidence: 96%

A cocktail of contaminants: how mixtures of pesticides at low concentrations affect aquatic communities

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At lower concentrations, varied effects were found, including morphological deformities (Kang et al 2008) and gill structure alterations (Bernabò et al 2008;Brunelli et al 2010). At the behavioral level in contaminated tadpoles, Berrill et al (1998) observed a lack of avoidance response to a simulated predator, feeding suppression and lag effects in two ranid species (Rana clamitans and R. sylvatica), whereas Westman et al (2010) found longer times to quiescence after induced stress in one treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) and spadefoot toad (Spea intermontana). In their study on toad tadpoles, Brunelli et al (2009) documented more immobile behavior and also reported irregular swimming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To cope with this, short-term early embryo-larval assays (FETAX) have been recognized as toxicity tests (Bromhall 2005). Longer studies involving chronic exposure to chemicals until metamorphosis (Newman et al 2006;Relyea and Hoverman 2006), post-exposure tests at the larval stage (Berrill et al 1998;Jones et al 2009) but also through the entire life cycle (Hayes et al 2010;Kvarnryd et al 2011) allowed researchers to examine the effects of pollutants at low concentrations on the long term. Both short and long term studies provided fine scale data such as gene or protein signature (Gillardin et al 2009a), cytology (Marquis et al 2010), physiology (Gillardin et al 2009b), morphology (Bernabò et al 2008), and behavior (Bromhall 2005;Giusi et al 2010;Egea-Serrano et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using sets of behavioral biomarkers to assess short-term effects of pesticide: a study case with endosulfan on frog tadpoles

Denoël¹,

D’Hooghe²,

Ficetola

et al. 2012

Ecotoxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pesticides and other chemicals often have detrimental effects at environmental concentrations. Many amphibian species are particularly threatened because of their susceptibility but also because wetlands are often polluted. Behavioral assessments of toxicity have the advantage of showing sublethal effects but quantitative measures at varied scales of integrations are rarely considered together. In this study, we aimed at showing that these behavioral endpoints could be differently affected across time and concentrations, and be biomarkers of toxicity. To this end, we tested the effects of an organochlorine pesticide (endosulfan) on amphibians during a standard 96 h test. We evaluated possible lag effects in continuing the analyses after removal of the pesticide. The study was based on 240 tadpoles (4 pesticide treatments: 0.4, 3, 22, and 282 μg/l, 1 control and 1 solvent-control). Abnormal behaviors such as lying and swirling rapidly were exhibited only in the presence of the pesticide. Essential functions such as breathing and feeding were deeply affected by the pesticide: contaminated tadpoles breathed and fed less than control tadpoles. They also moved less and occupied a more central position in the aquariums in the presence of the pesticide. A higher mortality was only found at the highest concentration. These results suggest that endosulfan is toxic to amphibians at environmental concentrations. Behavioral markers showed potential as early warning systems. They should thus be used in complement to other markers to detect sublethal effects only a few days after application of the pesticide and at concentrations where mortality does not occur.

show abstract

“…Most research on amphibians has assessed the effects of these agrochemicals by looking at single compounds or at different combinations within a particular group of agro-chemicals. In contrast, investigations into the influence of possible combinations of fertilizers, pesticides, and other agrochemicals on amphibians are relatively few (Berrill et al 1998;Boone and Semlitsch 2001;Boone and James 2003;Boone and BridgesBritton 2006;Rohr and Crumrine 2005;Relyea 2004aRelyea , 2009; see review in Mann et al 2009). However, it is very likely that amphibians experience such combinations of contaminants in agricultural areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of malathion and nitrate on early growth, abnormalities, and mortality of wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles

Krishnamurthy

Smith

2011

Ecotoxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Use of pesticides and other agro-chemicals adversely influence amphibians either directly by killing them or by inducing sublethal, chronic effects. Many studies have investigated the effect of mixtures of pesticides or fertilizers. We studied the combined effects of nitrate and malathion ([(dimethoxy phosphino thioyl] butanediotae) on the early growth, expression of abnormalities, and mortality of Wood Frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles in a laboratory experiment. Tadpoles were treated with factorial combinations of 0, 8, and 16 mg NO(3)-N l(-1) and 0, 250, 500, and 1,000 μg malathion l(-1) for a period of 14 days. Feeding behaviour, total length, mean tadpole mass, frequencies of abnormalities, and survivorship in each treatment were recorded. Malathion showed a significant negative influence on all parameters and strongly influenced the frequencies of morphological anomalies. In contrast, nitrate alone did not produce any significant effects on behavior, total length, tadpole mass, or the frequency of abnormalities during the experiment. Malathion and nitrate had an interactive effect on tadpole length and mass, but did not affect any other parameters. Our results suggest that exposure to malathion, even at relatively low concentrations can have serious negative consequences for Wood Frog tadpoles. In addition, our results also indicate that there was little synergistic interaction between malathion and nitrate exposure under laboratory conditions.

show abstract

Toxicity of Endosulfan to Aquatic Stages of Anuran Amphibians

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

A cocktail of contaminants: how mixtures of pesticides at low concentrations affect aquatic communities

A cocktail of contaminants: how mixtures of pesticides at low concentrations affect aquatic communities

Using sets of behavioral biomarkers to assess short-term effects of pesticide: a study case with endosulfan on frog tadpoles

Combined effects of malathion and nitrate on early growth, abnormalities, and mortality of wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About