Toxicity of ethyl formate to adult Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium castaneum (herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)

Xin, Ni; Ren, Yonglin; Forrester, Robert; Xue, Ming; Mahon, Daphne

doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2008.02.003

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…1992, has renewed interest in EF, with recent publications reporting its efficacy across a variety of commodities and pests. 10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Coetzee et al recently exploring the use of EF formulated with nitrogen to treat containers at dockside as well as in transit. 26 EF is listed by the US Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe (GRAS), 27 a designation that makes it an attractive option relative to methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride at certain port facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethyl formate dilution in carbon dioxide for fumigation control of the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys, Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Kawagoe

Abrams

Lourie

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys, has caused significant agricultural damage to numerous hosts, so agricultural producers seek to limit its spread. Where established, BMSB can also cause substantial urban and commercial disturbance, as overwintering adults may seek refuge inside dwellings, covered spaces, vehicles, and consignments. Phytosanitary authorities are most concerned with the importation of ‘hitchhiking’ adults in this refugia, with certain countries requiring a quarantine treatment to mitigate risk. This study explores fumigation with ethyl formate, applied as 16.7% by mass dilution in carbon dioxide, for control of adult BMSB. RESULTS The induction of diapause, to simulate overwintering physiology, resulted in 2‐ and 3‐fold increases in the tolerance of adults toward this ethyl formate fumigation at 10 ± 0.5 °C (truex¯±2s) lasting for 8 and 12 h, respectively. However, a decreased tolerance (0.7‐fold) of diapausing specimens was observed for a 4‐h duration. Diapausing and nondiapausing adult BMSB can be controlled at the probit 9 level if the headspace concentration of ethyl formate, [EF], in the carbon dioxide mixture is maintained ≥7.68 mg L−1 for 12 h at 10 ± 0.5 °C (truex¯±2s). If the duration is shortened to 4 h, [EF] must be maintained ≥14.73 mg L−1 over the course of fumigation. CONCLUSION The toxicity of ethyl formate in this mixture can be distinct for different physiological states of the same life stage, as evidenced by a ca. 3‐fold increase in the Haber's z parameter for adult BMSB when in diapause. Respective to the physiological state of adults, this study identifies how the applied dose and/or treatment duration can be modulated (i.e. tuned) to ensure adequate toxicological efficacy toward BMSB infesting hosts or refuge at temperatures ca. >10 °C. Published 2022. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethyl formate dilution in carbon dioxide for fumigation control of the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys, Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Kawagoe

Abrams

Lourie

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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“…Although many studies have measured the toxicity of EF on various insect species (Vincent & Lindgren 1972;Xin et al 2008;, there has been limited research on the mechanism of EF action. Dojchinov and Haritos (2003) found that some alkyl formates were rapidly metabolised by insect homogenates to produce high concentrations of formic acid and were of similar toxicity to pure formic acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality of kiwifruit pests (Coccoidea) exposed to ethyl formate delivered using either carbon dioxide or nitrogen carrier gases

Brown

Page-Weir

Hawthorne

et al. 2018

NZPP

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Ethyl formate (EF) is used as a fumigant against insect pests on many commodities. Delivery of EF uses a carrier gas, usually carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), to reduce its flammability. However, CO 2 is expensive and can only be delivered relatively slowly. Nitrogen (N 2 ) has been proposed as an alternative. The efficacy of EF delivered using CO 2 or N 2 , was evaluated at 5 and 15°C, against two important postharvest pests of kiwifruit (greedy scale (Hemiberlesia rapax, Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and obscure mealybug (Pseudococcus viburni, Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)). Mortalities of both insect species were higher in the presence of CO 2 than N 2 . There was a strong interaction with treatment temperature: N 2 at 5°C resulted in low mortality across both species. Greedy scale was more susceptible to EF than obscure mealybug across all treatments. Nitrogen as a carrier gas for EF substantially lowered the efficacy of EF as an insecticidal fumigant, relative to CO 2 . This is hypothesised to be caused by differing respiration rates across temperatures and CO 2 concentrations. Solutions for rapid CO 2 delivery should be explored over further trials with N 2 at low temperatures.

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“…In order to compare the insect toxicity of 2,3-Dimethylmaleic anhydride with that of chemical fumigants and natural fumigants, the LC 50 values were determined for allyl acetate, ethyl formate, carbonyl sulfide and ethylene dichloride by using fumigation bioassay. The details of fumigation bioassay procedure are mentioned in supplementary methods 5 43 48 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2, 3-Dimethylmaleic anhydride (3, 4-Dimethyl-2, 5-furandione): A plant derived insecticidal molecule from Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta (L.) Schott

Rajashekar

Tonsing

Shantibala

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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The phasing out of methyl bromide as a fumigant, resistance problems with phosphine and other fumigants in stored product beetles, and serious concern with human health and environmental safety have triggered the search for alternative biofumigants of plant origin. Despite the identification of a large number of plants that show insecticidal activity, and the diversity of natural products with inherent eco-friendly nature, newer biofumigants of plant origin have eluded discovery. Using a bioassay driven protocol, we have now isolated a bioactive molecule from the root stock of Colocasia esculenta (L.) and characterized it as 2, 3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (3, 4-dimethyl-2, 5-furandione) based on various physico-chemical and spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass). The molecule proved to be an efficient biofumigant which is highly toxic to insect pests for stored grains even at very low concentration, but has no adverse effect on seed germination. We finally address the potential for this molecule to become a, effective biofumigant.

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Toxicity of ethyl formate to adult Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium castaneum (herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Ethyl formate dilution in carbon dioxide for fumigation control of the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys, Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Ethyl formate dilution in carbon dioxide for fumigation control of the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys, Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Mortality of kiwifruit pests (Coccoidea) exposed to ethyl formate delivered using either carbon dioxide or nitrogen carrier gases

2, 3-Dimethylmaleic anhydride (3, 4-Dimethyl-2, 5-furandione): A plant derived insecticidal molecule from Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta (L.) Schott

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