Toxicity of fermented soybean product (cheonggukjang) manufactured by mixed culture ofBacillus subtilisMC31 andLactobacillus sakei383 on liver and kidney of ICR mice

Abstract

To investigate the toxic effects of cheonggukjang (CKJ) manufactured using mixed cultures of Bacillus subtilis MC31 and Lactobacillus sakei 383 on the liver and kidney of ICR mice, an alteration on the related markers including body weight, organ weight, urine composition, liver pathology and kidney pathology were analyzed after oral administration at dosage of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight/day of CKJ for 14 days. Any significant toxicity was not observed on the body and organ weight, clinical phenotypes, urine parameters and mortality in the CKJ-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group. Also, liver toxicity analysis revealed no significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in response to CKJ. Additionally, the specific pathological features induced by most toxic compounds were not observed upon liver histological analysis. Furthermore, kidney toxicological analysis revealed that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and the serum creatinine (Cr) levels and pathological features on histological sections did not differ significantly between the vehicle- and CKJ-treated groups. Overall, these results suggest that CKJ does not induce any specific toxicity in liver and kidney organs of ICR at dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day as no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL).

Antiviral activity of Chongkukjang extracts against influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo

“…This result shows that the Chongkukjang extract is a potential candidate to fight influenza A virus infection. The Chongkukjang-treated groups (except the A8 group) maintained a higher body weight compared with the control group, which agrees with previous reports that soybean-related products increase body weight and lower the risk of toxic side effects at a low concentration [14,26]. This extract may be a potent antiviral agent against influenza virus with no host toxicity.…”

Ilex kaushue and Its Bioactive Component 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid Protected Mice from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury

“…Safety of botanical drugs is another important concern. To evaluate the toxicity of IKWE, acute oral toxicity studies were performed at a high dose of 10.0 g/kg 23 . All mice receiving IKWE with LD 50 values higher than 10.0 g/kg survived.…”

“…Supernatant fractions were further analyzed to determine the AST, ALT, CRTN and BUN levels using FUJI DRI-CHEM 3000 and four FUJI DRI-CHEM SLIDE products (n = 10). LD 50 and body weight growth were additionally determined for 14 days (n = 10) 23 . Data were presented as mean ± S.E.M.…”

Current Perspectives on the Physiological Activities of Fermented Soybean-Derived Cheonggukjang

“…Furthermore, treatment of MCF7 breast cancer cells with an ethanol extract of CGJ exerted a potential preventive effect on breast cancer via inhibition of the inflammatory gene expression ( Table 6 ) [ 131 ]. Moreover, CGJ did not induce cytotoxicity in Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice [ 132 ].…”

“…In addition to the various activities mentioned above, CGJ also demonstrates anti-tyrosinase, anti-proliferative, syringic acid-mediated estrogen [ 166 ], anti-atopic dermatitis [ 167 , 168 ], anti-androgenetic alopecia [ 169 ], and anti-asthmatic activities ( Table 11 ) [ 170 ]. Additionally, CGJ decreased toxic effects in the liver and kidneys by regulating various enzymes and reducing blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in ICR mice [ 132 ]. Lactobacillus spp.- and B .…”