Toxicity of five Sudanese plants to young ruminants

Barri, M. E. S.; Onsa, Thorea O.; Elawad, Alawia Abdalla; Elsayed, Nahid Y.; Wasfi, I.A.; Bari, Ekhlas M. Abdul; Adam, Safwaan

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(83)90063-4

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Sheep which were fed with higher doses of the fresh C. colocynthis fruits and leaves (0.2-10.0 g/kg) showed signs of poisoning [14] . Doses of 10 g/kg of C. colocynthis from 1 day to 2 weeks caused death in goats [30] . Acute toxic colitis and reversible infertility have been claimed as the other side effects of higher doses of this plant [31,32] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of hydro-ethanol extract of Citrullus colocynthis on blood glucose levels and pathology of organs in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Oryan

Hashemnia

Hamidi

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of hydro-ethanol extract of Citrullus colocynthis on blood glucose levels and pathology of organs in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Oryan

Hashemnia

Hamidi

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease

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“…Therefore, valuable pharmacological activities of medicinal plants have to be distinguished from toxic plant effects. 32,[33][34][35][36][37][38] The Sudanese society has become more affluent and sophisticated with the country's economic growth. In the future, it would be preferable to promote the use of traditional herbal remedies by conversion of raw plant material into more sophisticated products instead of completely replacing the traditional remedies with synthetic products from industrialized countries.…”

Section: Use Of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants In Traditional Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Gems from traditional north-African medicine: medicinal and aromatic plants from Sudan

Khalid

Abdalla

Abdelgadir

et al. 2012

Nat. Prod. Bioprospect.

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Sudanese folk medicine represents a unique blend of indigenous cultures with Islamic, Arabic and African traditions. In addition, Sudan encompasses different terrains and climatic zones, ranging from desert and semi-desert in the north to equatorial with a short rainy season (semi-aridand semi-humid) in the centre to equatorial with a long rainy season (arid-humid and equatorialhumid) in the south. This variation contributes to the immense diversity of vegetation in the region. The flora of Sudan consists of 3137 species of flowering plants belonging to 170 families and 1280 genera. It is estimated that 15% of these plants are endemic to Sudan. The intersection of diverse cultures and the unique geography holds great potential for Sudanese herbal medicine. Medicinal and aromatic plants and their derivatives represent an integral part of life in Sudan. Indigenous remedies are the only form of therapy available to the majority of poor people. It has been estimated that only 11% of the population has access to formal health care. Therefore, research on the desired pharmacological effects and possible unwanted side effects or toxicity is required to improve efficacy and safety of Sudanese herbal medicine. In the future, it would be preferable to promote the use of traditional herbal remedies by conversion of raw plant material into more sophisticated products instead of completely replacing the traditional remedies with synthetic products from industrialized countries. The present review gives an overview of traditional Sudanese medicinal and aromatic herbs and their habitats, traditional uses, and phytochemical constituents.

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“…Traditionelle medizinische Indikationen der Koloquinthenfrüchte waren in diesen Ländern Tumore, Leukodermien, Ulzera, Bronchitis, tuberkulöse Lymphome, Elephantiasis, Milzvergrößerung, Rachenerkrankungen [6]. Die wiederholte perorale Verabreichung von Früchten an Wiederkäuer (Ziegen, Schafe, Kälber) in Mengen von 0,25−10 g/kg/d führte zum Tod der Versuchstiere binnen 2−25 Tagen [7,8]. Koloquinthenfrüchte wurden daher als stark giftig eingestuft [9].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Pharmakologisch-toxikologische und klinische Untersuchungen mit Koloquinthenfruchtextrakten (Extr. colocynthidis fructus)

Lorenz¹,

Lippmann

Dürrling

et al. 2011

Arzneimittelforschung

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Colocynth pulp extract is a long-serving laxative. Contesting the official characterizations "drastic irritant action, no longer defensible" by suitable pharmacotoxicologic studies, extracts of the drug with increasing concentrations of the effective constituant "Cucurbitacins" were prepared in order to define efficacy ranges lethal to rats and mice. The extract Koloquinthentrockenextrakt Alpha with the highest content of Cucurbitacins (23,2 % delta 232,64 mg/g) permitted the definition of the LD50 for female (tentative because of death inhibition under maximal doses) and male rats; the mean LD50 = 281,8 and 525,6 mg/kg extract, respectively, equivalent to 66 and 122 mg/kg Cucurbitacins. This corresponds to 660- to 1220-fold therapeutic doses. Repeated administrations of 10- and 50-fold therapeutic doses to rats for 30 days produced no negative effects. The symptoms of rodent poisoning are described in detail. Pharmacologic doses were not toxic on rat liver slices, did not influence breathing and circulation parameters in guinea pigs (under the maximal dose of 41,6 mg/kg Cucurbitacins, 3/10 animals died of breathing failure) nor the behaviour of mice, nor were they mutagen (Ames test). Colocynth pulp extract weakly inhibited the growth of MDA-MB435 mamma carcinoma cells, but had no influence on the growth of B16 mouse melanoma cells. P388 mouse leukemia cells and L 929 mouse fibroblasts were not significantly influenced. High doses of Colocynth pulp extract inhibited diuresis and electrolyte excretion in rats. The Cucurbitacins E and I were rapidly metabolized in S9-supernatants of rat livers. A dried ethanolic Salvia fruit extract alleviated the toxicity of lethal doses of Colocynth pulp extract when administered simultaneously. A field study with 200 patients and a phase I study with 60 volunteers were conducted in Germany with Colocynth pulp extract from April to October 1998, andfrom December 2002 to March 2003, respectively. Data on the tolerance of the highest allowed dose and of a half-maximal dose administered to volunteers for 14 days in comparison to placebo, as well as data on the efficacy of a treatment course of 3 days of patients with obstipation, were to be gained. Clinical laboratory investigations of volunteers gave no indication of pathological changes even under the highest dose. In patients with obstipation and associated complaints, the administration for 3 days at maximum led to an increased frequency of bowel movements. At the same time, the discomforts accompanying obstipation were significantly relieved. Patients with obstipation defined tolerance as good. Volunteers, on the other hand, judged the tolerance of the drug significantly inferior ("good" - "average") to that of placebo ("very good" - "good"). The low risk potential of Colocynth pulp extract documented in pharmaco-toxicological studies was confirmed during administration to humans.

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Toxicity of five Sudanese plants to young ruminants

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of hydro-ethanol extract of Citrullus colocynthis on blood glucose levels and pathology of organs in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Effects of hydro-ethanol extract of Citrullus colocynthis on blood glucose levels and pathology of organs in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Gems from traditional north-African medicine: medicinal and aromatic plants from Sudan

Pharmakologisch-toxikologische und klinische Untersuchungen mit Koloquinthenfruchtextrakten (Extr. colocynthidis fructus)

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