Toxicity of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (HO-PCBs) using the bioluminescent assay Microtox®

Bhalla, Renu; Tehrani, Rouzbeh; Aken, Benoı̂t Van

doi:10.1007/s10646-016-1693-z

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Consistently with our observations, studies conducted in other organisms, including animals and bacteria, have also reported that OH-PCBs can be more toxic than the parent PCBs. 4,9,10 Even though hydroxylation of PCBs is generally regarded as a detoxification mechanism, in vitro studies have shown that OH-PCBs can be further hydroxylated, generating toxic species, such as quinones and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage DNA and form adducts with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. 4 In fact, the toxicity of many halogenated contaminants, including PCBs, has been attributed to the formation of OH metabolites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Their Hydroxylated Metabolites (OH-PCBs) on Arabidopsis thaliana

Subramanian

Schnoor

Aken

2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Plants metabolize polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into hydroxylated derivatives (OH-PCBs), which are sometimes more toxic than the parent PCBs. The objective of this research was to compare the toxicity of a suite of PCBs and OH-PCBs toward the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. While parent PCBs and higher-chlorinated OH-PCBs exhibited a low or nondetectable toxicity, lower-chlorinated OH-PCBs significantly inhibited the germination rate and plant growth, with inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) ranging from 1.6 to 12.0 mg L−1. The transcriptomic response of A. thaliana to 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl (2,5-DCB), and its OH metabolite, 4′-OH-2,5-DCB, was then examined using whole-genome expression microarrays (Affymetrix). Exposure to 2,5-DCB and 4′-OH-2,5-DCB resulted in different expression patterns, with the former leading to enrichment of genes involved in response to toxic stress and detoxification functions. Exposure to 2,5-DCB induced multiple xenobiotic response genes, such as cytochrome P-450 and glutathione S-transferases, potentially involved in the PCB metabolism. On the contrary, exposure to both compounds resulted in the down-regulation of genes involved in stresses not directly related to toxicity. Unlike its OH derivative, 2,5-DCB was shown to induce a transcriptomic profile similar to plant safeners, which are nontoxic chemicals stimulating detoxification pathways in plants. The differentiated induction of detoxification enzymes by 2,5-DCB may explain its lower phytotoxicity compared to 4′-OH-2,5-DCB.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6–8 OH-PCBs have raised environmental concerns because of their reported toxicity for a variety of organisms, sometimes even higher than the toxicity of parent PCBs. 4,9,10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Their Hydroxylated Metabolites (OH-PCBs) on Arabidopsis thaliana

Subramanian

Schnoor

Aken

2017

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Due to the fact that not all strains presented the same PCB biodegradation percentage, just four strains were further investigated (biodegradation level of more than 70%). Out of the four strains, only Penicillium canescens contributed significantly to PCB biodegradation; it had fewer toxic metabolites, unlike P. chrysogenum which, in the biodegradation process, generated metabolites that proved to be much more toxic than PCBs [143,144].…”

Section: Laccase and Xenobioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laccases—Versatile Enzymes Used to Reduce Environmental Pollution

et al. 2022

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The accumulation of waste and toxic compounds has become increasingly harmful to the environment and human health. In this context, the use of laccases has become a focus of interest, due to the properties of these versatile enzymes: low substrate specificity, and water formation as a non-toxic end product. Thus, we begin our study with a general overview of the importance of laccase for the environment and industry, starting with the sources of laccases (plant, bacterial and fungal laccases), the structure and mechanism of laccases, microbial biosynthesis, and the immobilization of laccases. Then, we continue with an overview of agro-waste treatment by laccases wherein we observe the importance of laccases for the biodisponibilization of substrates and the biodegradation of agro-industrial byproducts; we then show some aspects regarding the degradation of xenobiotic compounds, dyes, and pharmaceutical products. The objective of this research is to emphasize and fully investigate the effects of laccase action on the decomposition of lignocellulosic materials and on the removal of harmful compounds from soil and water, in order to provide a sustainable solution to reducing environmental pollution.

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“…Studies conducted in other organisms, including animals and bacteria, also reported that OH-PCBs can be more toxic than the parent PCBs. The higher toxicity of OH-PCBs could be explained partially by their higher solubility and bioavailability (Bhalla et al, 2016). On the other hand, OH-PCBs are known to be further oxidized in vivo into toxic products, such as quinones, and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage DNA and form adducts with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (Grimm et al, 2015).…”

Section: Toxicity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs)

Subramanian

Tehrani

Aken

2019

International Journal of Phytoremediation

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Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are toxic contaminants produced via biotic or abiotic transformation of PCBs. In this study, we have tested the toxicity of 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl (2,5-DCB) and three of its OH-derivatives, 2'-OH-, 3'-OH-, and 4'-OH-2,5-DCB toward the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Toxicity tests showed that the parent 2,5-DCB (5 mg L −1 ) had little effect on the plants, while all three OH-metabolites (5 mg L −1 ) exhibited a significant toxicity, with 4'-OH-2,5-DCB being the most potent (inhibition concentration 50%-IC 50 in germination tests = 9.8 mg L −1 for 2'-OH-2,5-DCB, 9.5 mg L −1 for 3'-OH-2,5-DCB, and 4.8 mg L −1 for 4'-OH-2,5-DCB). Whole-genome expression microarrays (Affymetrix) showed that exposure to the three OH-PCBs resulted in rather similar expression patterns, which were distinct from the one developing in response to 2,5-DCB. Searching an Arabidopsis microarray database (Genevestigator) revealed that, unlike the parent compound, the three OH-derivatives induced expression profiles similar to inhibitors of brassinosteroid synthesis (i.e., brassinazole, propiconazole, and uniconazole), resulting in severe iron deficiency in exposed plants. Our results suggest that the higher phytotoxicity of OH-derivatives as compared to 2,5-DCB is at least partly explained by the inhibition of the brassinosteroid pathway.

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Toxicity of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (HO-PCBs) using the bioluminescent assay Microtox®

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Their Hydroxylated Metabolites (OH-PCBs) on Arabidopsis thaliana

Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Their Hydroxylated Metabolites (OH-PCBs) on Arabidopsis thaliana

Laccases—Versatile Enzymes Used to Reduce Environmental Pollution

Transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs)

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