Toxicity of Calophyllum soulattri, Piper aduncum, Sesamum indicum and their potential mixture for control Spodoptera frugiperda

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda caused severe damage to the maize plant. Botanical insecticides are a choice to control this pest. This study aims to determine the ethanol extract of Calophyllum soulattri stem bark, methanol extract of Piper aduncum fruit, and Sesamum indicum oil, and their potential mixture for controlling S. frugiperda. The bioassays were carried out in laboratory conditions using second instar S. frugiperda larvae from mass rearing in the laboratory. A toxicity test was performed using the leaf-residual feeding method. The result showed that the mortality of S. frugiperda for C. soulattri is LC50 = 0.349% and LC95 = 3.256% and that for P. aduncum is LC50 = 0.530% and LC95 = 4.666%. S. indicum oil (at 10% concentration) only caused the mortality of S. frugiperda by 27.5%. Insecticide mixture can increase the toxicity of the insecticide. The observation mortality of S. frugiperda for C. soulattri and P. aduncum (1:2) extracts mixture were LC50 = 0.233% and LC95 = 0.808%. At the same time, C. soulattri extract dan S. indicum oil mixture (4:1) were LC50 = 0.268% and LC95 = 0.931%. The treatments with a single insecticide and their mixtures affected the biological activity of S. frugiperda by reducing the area of feed consumption, and the longer the larval development time, the lower the pupal weight of S. frugiperda. Our findings indicated that a mixture of C. soulattri and P. aduncum extract, then C. soulattri extract, and S. indicum oil could potentially develop as effective insecticide for controlling S. frugiperda.