Toxicity of melamine and cyanuric acid in broilers and residues in tissues

Ding, Xia; Zhang, Keying; L, Wang; Sp, Bai

doi:10.1177/0960327111422405

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our results are in contrast with the results reported by Ding et al (2012) who found the increasing blood concentration of Na Groups: C = control; M50, M100 = basal diet + 50 (100) mg melamine/1 kg feed; K50, K100 = basal diet + 50 (100) mg cyanuric acid/1 kg feed; MK50, MK100 = basal diet + 50 (100) mg/kg melamine and 50 (100) mg/kg cyanuric acid/1 kg feed TP = total protein, Glu = glucose, Chol = cholesterol, UA = uric acid, AST = aspartate aminotransferase A,B means within a row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.01) a,b means within a row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05) 1 mean ± SEM per animal (n = 8) with the increasing concentration of melamine and cyanuric acid in a diet. In renal failure, both, hypernatraemia or hyponatraemia may be present, whereas during acute renal failure, hyponatraemia is usually more frequent due to a polyuric phase.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Our findings are not in agreement with the results reported by Ding et al (2012) who did not find any considerable changes in blood K level among particular groups of broilers in their experiment. During acute renal failure, there are often higher losses of K, which probably occurred also in our study in broilers from the K100, K50, and MK50 groups.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Effect of melamine and cyanurid acid contaminated diets on blood indicators in broiler chickens

Straková¹,

Karásková²,

Zapletal³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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ABSTRACT:The effect of melamine and cyanuric acid contaminated diets on basic haematological and biochemical blood indicators in male broiler chickens (Ross 308) was studied. The chickens were divided into 6 experimental groups (30 birds per group) and fed diets with an addition of 50 or 100 mg of melamine or 50 or 100 mg of cyanuric acid per kg of feed, with the contaminants added separately (either melamine or cyanuric acid) or in combination (melamine + cyanuric acid). The control group (C) was fed a diet without melamine or cyanuric acid. At the end of the experiment (day 40), 8 birds per treatment group were randomly selected for haematological and biochemical examination of blood. Red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit value, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean cell volume, and total leukocyte count did not differ significantly among the respective groups of broiler chickens (P > 0.05). The concentrations of melamine and cyanuric acid used in the contaminated diet for broiler chickens led to highly significant changes in the content of total protein (TP), glucose (Glu), Ca, P, Na, and K (P < 0.01) and to significant changes in the content of Mg (P < 0.05) in their blood plasma. In comparison to the C group, the decrease in the content of TP, Glu, Ca, P, Na, K, and Mg in blood plasma was most pronounced in broilers fed the diets contaminated with cyanuric acid only or diets with the simultaneous contamination with melamine and cyanuric acid. On the basis of our results, it can be concluded that the contamination of feed with melamine and cyanuric acid, separately or in combination, results in impaired renal function and probably also in partial liver damage.Keywords: poultry; feed; level of contaminants; haematological indicators; biochemical indicators; toxicity List of abbreviations: AST = aspartate aminotransferase, Chol = cholesterol, Er = total red blood cell count, Glu = glucose, Hb = haemoglobin concentration, Ht = haematocrit value, Leu = total leukocyte count, MCH = mean corpuscular haemoglobin, MCHC = mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, MCV = mean cell volume, TP = total protein, UA = uric acid

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of melamine and cyanurid acid contaminated diets on blood indicators in broiler chickens

Straková¹,

Karásková²,

Zapletal³

et al. 2014

CZECH J ANIM SCI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Therefore, we substituted similar scores to address whether there were sufficient dose groups (i.e., 1 control and at least 2 dose levels) and sufficient quantitative information (e.g., mean response, standard error or SD for mean responses, or survival counts) as necessary for BMD modeling. From the results of the data review, we identified 13 studies with data for 21 test endpoints for 4 avian species (Lu et al 2009;Gao et al 2010;Sirilaophaisan et al 2010Sirilaophaisan et al , 2011Brand 2011;Ding et al 2011;Yang et al 2011;Gallo et al 2012;Brand et al 2012;Landers et al 2012Landers et al , 2013Zhang et al 2012;Zapletal et al 2016). Within these studies, we examined multiple test endpoints for various exposure durations and test concentrations.…”

Section: Wildlife Bmd Analysis Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmark dose analysis framework for developing wildlife toxicity reference values

Mayfield

Skall

2018

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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The effects characterization phase of ecological risk assessments (ERAs) often includes the selection or development of toxicity reference values (TRVs) for chemicals under investigation. In wildlife risk assessments, TRVs are thresholds represented by a dose or concentration associated with a specified adverse response. Traditionally, a TRV may be derived from an estimate of the no-observed-adverse effect level or lowest-observed-adverse-effect level, identified from a controlled toxicity study. Because of the limitations of this approach, risk assessors are increasingly developing TRVs using alternative methods. Benchmark dose (BMD) analysis is widely recognized as one approach for developing TRVs. A BMD is derived using the full dose-response relationship from all experimental doses and may represent a user-specified response level (e.g., 5, 10, 20, or 50%). Although many regulatory programs consider the use of BMD-derived wildlife TRVs, there is limited guidance available for implementing the BMD approach, particularly for ERA. The present study provides a framework for ecological risk assessors to identify appropriate data, examine dose-response relationships, estimate BMDs, and document the results for use in risk analysis. This framework demonstrates the process of developing a TRV using BMD analysis and identifies applications for which this approach may enhance ERAs (e.g., site assessment, chemical or pesticide registration programs). Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1496-1508. © 2018 SETAC.

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“…Desethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine still possess phytotoxic effects (Sirons et al, 1973). In addition, the cyanuric acid intermediate of the atzABC/trzN pathway is known to have deleterious effects on kidney function when combined with melamine (Pang et al, 2011; Ding et al, 2012). Thus, although the current study was unable to analyze samples for atrazine degradation intermediates, toxic byproducts of this herbicide may still be present in drainage ditches even after original concentrations have dissipated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Potential for Microbial Atrazine Degradation in Agricultural Drainage Ditches

et al. 2013

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Passage of agricultural runoff through vegetated drainage ditches has been shown to reduce the amount of pesticides, such as atrazine, exiting out of agricultural watersheds. Previous studies have found that microbial communities in soil from fields treated with atrazine display enhanced rates of atrazine degradation. However, no studies have examined the potential for atrazine degradation in ditches used to drain these lands. The purpose of the current study was to determine the potential of the drainage ditch soil microbial community for atrazine degradation. Soil samples were collected from fields and adjacent drainage ditches and from nonagricultural land with no previous exposure to atrazine. Polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated widespread presence of atrazine degradation genes in fields and ditches. Potential for degradation was determined by following the decrease of atrazine in spiked soil samples over a 28-d incubation period. Greater than 95% of atrazine was degraded in field and ditch soils, whereas only 68.5 ± 1.3% was degraded in the nonagricultural control. Comparison with autoclaved soil samples indicated the primary mechanism of atrazine degradation in agricultural soils was microbially mediated, whereas its breakdown in nonagricultural soil appeared to be the byproduct of abiotic processes. Therefore, microbial communities in drainage ditch sediments have the potential to play a role in atrazine removal from agricultural runoff by breaking down atrazine deposited in sediments and limiting the amount of this herbicide carried into downstream ecosystems.

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Toxicity of melamine and cyanuric acid in broilers and residues in tissues

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of melamine and cyanurid acid contaminated diets on blood indicators in broiler chickens

Effect of melamine and cyanurid acid contaminated diets on blood indicators in broiler chickens

Benchmark dose analysis framework for developing wildlife toxicity reference values

Determining Potential for Microbial Atrazine Degradation in Agricultural Drainage Ditches

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