Toxicity of metabolites produced by the "Alternaria".

Pero, Ronald W.; Posner, H; Blois, M.-C. De; Harvan, Donald J.; Spalding, Judson W.

doi:10.1289/ehp.730487

Cited by 139 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…(male mice), or 168 mg/kg b.w. (female rats) (Pero et al 1973). Alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) show no strong acute toxic effects but have been shown to be mutagenic in cell culture assays (Brugger et al 2006;An et al 1989) and lead to DNA double strand breaks (Pfeiffer et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of Alternaria toxin contamination in food from the German market, using a rapid HPLC-MS/MS approach

et al. 2015

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A HPLC-MS/MS-based method for the quantification of nine mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Alternaria in various food matrices was developed. The method relies on a single-step extraction, followed by dilution of the raw extract and direct analysis. In combination with an analysis time per sample of 12 min, the sample preparation is cost-effective and easy to handle. The method covers alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA), altenuene (ALT), iso-altenuene (isoALT), tentoxin (TEN), altertoxin-I (ATX-I), and the AAL toxins TA1 and TA2. Some Alternaria toxins which are either not commercially available or very expensive, namely AOH, AME, ALT, isoALT, and ATX-I, were isolated as reference compounds from fungal cultures. The method was extensively validated for tomato products, bakery products, sunflower seeds, fruit juices, and vegetable oils. AOH, AME, TeA, and TEN were found in quantifiable amounts and 92.1% of all analyzed samples (n = 96) showed low level contamination with one or more Alternaria toxins. Based on the obtained results, the average daily exposure to Alternaria toxins in Germany was calculated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altenuene (ALT) shows the highest acute toxicity among the toxins covered by this study with a LD 50 value of 50 mg/kg b.w. (mice) (Pero et al 1973). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Alternaria toxin contamination in food from the German market, using a rapid HPLC-MS/MS approach

et al. 2015

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“…Nevertheless, there have been reports that AOH and AME are cytotoxic (Pero et al 1973), genotoxic (Pfeiffer et al 2007) and mutagenic (An et al 1989;Liu et al 1992;Schrader et al 2001;Brugger et al 2006). Recent evidence defines AOH and AME as topoisomerase II inhibitors that can cause DNA damage in cell culture (Fehr et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise determination of the Alternaria mycotoxins alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in cereal, fruit and vegetable products using stable isotope dilution assays

2010

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Cereal, fruit and vegetable products were analyzed for contamination with the Alternaria mycotoxins alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) using stable isotope dilution assays (SIDAs). Both toxins were practically not detected in cereals and cereal products: AOH-one out of 13 samples at a content of 4.1 μg/kg; AME-two out of 13 samples at contents ranging between 0.2 and 0.6 μg/kg. However, if cereals for animal nutrition were analyzed, much higher values were found: AOH-five out of six samples (13-250 μg/kg); AME-six out of six samples (3-100 μg/kg). This finding may pose a potential problem concerning animal health. AOH and AME were frequently detected in vegetable products: AOH-5 out of 10 samples (2.6-25 μg/kg); AME-6 out of 10 samples (0.1-5 μg/kg). Tomato products were affected, especially. The highest content of AOH (25 μg/kg) and AME (5 μg/kg) were found in triple concentrated tomato paste. Special wines like "Trockenbeerenauslese" or "Spätlese" (affected by noble rot in the vineyard) contained AOH (4/6 samples; 1.2-4.9 μg/kg) and AME (4/6 samples; 0.1-0.3 μg/kg), but the values did not exceed the values of both toxins that were found generally in wines.

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“…are well-known as inducers of plant disease. 30 Interestingly, the biosynthesis of these mycotoxins is suppressed or dormant under normal culture and epigenetic conditions, but the supplementation of the DNMT inhibitor and/or HDAC inhibitor to the culture medium dramatically altered the profiles of the fungal metabolites. Although the compounds thus produced are not new, this is the first report of the mycotoxin-producing endophytic fungus from the medicinal plant D. stramonium L., and it demonstrates that epigenetic modifiers are useful tools to assess the biosynthetic potential of the microorganisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Induced production of mycotoxins in an endophytic fungus from the medicinal plant Datura stramonium L.

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Awakawa

Noguchi

et al. 2012

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters

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Toxicity of metabolites produced by the "Alternaria".

Cited by 139 publications

References 17 publications

Survey of Alternaria toxin contamination in food from the German market, using a rapid HPLC-MS/MS approach

Survey of Alternaria toxin contamination in food from the German market, using a rapid HPLC-MS/MS approach

Precise determination of the Alternaria mycotoxins alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in cereal, fruit and vegetable products using stable isotope dilution assays

Induced production of mycotoxins in an endophytic fungus from the medicinal plant Datura stramonium L.

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