Toxicity of Nanoparticles: Etiology and Mechanisms

Crisponi, Guido; Nurchi, Valeria Marina; Lachowicz, Joanna Izabela; Peana, Massimiliano; Medici, Serenella; Zoroddu, M. A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-52733-0.00018-5

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 295 publications

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“…Their toxicity is defined based on the toxicological laboratory investigations [196]. In contrast, combustion derived AgNPs are poly-dispersed, highly or poorly soluble, complex in chemical nature and their toxicity is not defined (due to the modifications which occur due to the environmental interactions) and dependent on the physicochemical features of the NPs [196,197]. Few epidemiological investigations have reported that exposure to increased levels of combustion derived AgNPs can result in severe health effects in humans, which includes increase in mortality and morbidity rates associated with cardiovascular as well as pulmonary diseases among vulnerable populaces [197,198].…”

Section: A Review On Synthesis Applications Toxicity Risk Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One primary concern is the identification and separation of toxicity caused by NPs from other particles and components associated toxicology effects is nearly impossible. This can further result in exposure quantification errors upon the use of central monitoring data sheet instead of individual exposure data sheet [197]. The durability, dose and dimension commonly referred as "3-D's" are the major significant properties which will determine the toxicity of AgNPs upon their association with live cells [200].…”

Section: A Review On Synthesis Applications Toxicity Risk Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The durability, dose and dimension commonly referred as "3-D's" are the major significant properties which will determine the toxicity of AgNPs upon their association with live cells [200]. Furthermore, AgNPs toxicity can also be influenced by small size, shape, stability, aggregation, surface chemistry, mass and number of particles [197]. Severity of the toxicity of the AgNPs is also influenced by the mode of administration and exposure duration [201].…”

Section: A Review On Synthesis Applications Toxicity Risk Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severity of the toxicity of the AgNPs is also influenced by the mode of administration and exposure duration [201]. AgNPs in in vitro conditions undergo further modifications based on the ionic strength, pH, kinetic facility of electron transfers, ion species concentration, thermodynamic feasibility and finally reduction-oxidation potentials [197].…”

Section: A Review On Synthesis Applications Toxicity Risk Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Synthesis, Applications, Toxicity, Risk Assessment and Limitations of Plant Extracts Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

Velidandi¹,

Dahariya²,

Pabbathi³

et al. 2020

NanoWorld

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In recent years, fabrication of AgNPs via plant extracts has gained much attention because of being environmentally friendly, non-hazardous and cost effective. The bio-fabrication of AgNPs using plant extracts as reducing, capping and stabilizing agents includes simpler, safer, less-toxic and energy efficient. AgNPs have been widely applied in numerous fields due to their bio-compatibility, multifunctionality, solubility, high stability, therapeutic and adhesive properties. This review focuses on the advantages of AgNPs synthesis using plant extracts and its applications in various fields for the betterment of mankind and environment with numerous examples and also highlights on explaining possible fundamental mechanisms involved in antimicrobial and anticancer activities of plant extract synthesized AgNPs.

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Section: A Review On Synthesis Applications Toxicity Risk Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Review On Synthesis Applications Toxicity Risk Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Review On Synthesis Applications Toxicity Risk Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Review On Synthesis Applications Toxicity Risk Assessmementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review on Synthesis, Applications, Toxicity, Risk Assessment and Limitations of Plant Extracts Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

Velidandi¹,

Dahariya²,

Pabbathi³

et al. 2020

NanoWorld

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“…Both polymers, therefore, may have biomedical applications. In fact, they are hemostatic compounds able to enhance immunization activity and the skin's wound-healing capacity, and they also show biocompatibility, biodegradability, and adsorption properties that are considerably higher than those of synthetically modified cellulose [50][51][52].…”

Section: Chitinmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Carrier for Advanced Cosmeceuticals

Morganti

Coltelli

2019

Cosmetics

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Cosmetic products are generally formulated as emulsions, ointments, solutions or powders containing active ingredients. According to EU legislation, a cosmetic product is “any substance or preparation intended to be placed in contact with the various external parts of the human body with a view exclusively or mainly to cleaning, perfuming them, changing their appearance, and/or correcting body odors and/or protecting them or keeping them in good conditions”. However, science advancement in both active carriers and ingredients has streamlined the process through which many cosmetic products by their delivery systems can induce modifications on the skin physiology. This is the reason why Reed and Kligman redefined these products as “cosmeceuticals”, which refers to the combination of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Until recently, the term of cosmeceuticals has not had legal significance. The so-called cosmeceuticals, in fact, may induce modifications on the skin physiology, modifying, for example, transepidermal water loss, keratinocytes cohesion and turnover, modulating the inflammatory cascade, and/or altering the surface microbiota by the activity of the preservatives content. For these reasons, they are claimed to have medical or drug-like benefits. Naturally, their effectiveness on minor skin disorders or mild skin abnormalities has to be shown by in vitro and in vivo studies. On the other hand, their formulations contain emulsifiers, preservatives, and other chemicals which, by their cumulative use, may provoke side effects, such as allergic and/or sensitization phenomena. Moreover, many ingredients and packaging for such products are not biodegradable. In this study, we would like to introduce an innovative category of cosmeceuticals made by biodegradable nonwoven tissues. These cosmeceutical tissues, produced through the use of natural fibers, may bind different active ingredients and therefore become effective as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, sun-protective, whitening, or anti-aging products, depending on the ingredient(s) used. Differently from the usual cosmetics, they do not contain preservatives, emulsifiers, colors, and other chemicals. They can be applied as dried tissue on wet skin, remaining in loco for around 30 min, slowly releasing the active ingredients entrapped into the fibers. It is interesting to underline that the tissue, acting as a carrier, has its own effectiveness via chitin and lignin polymers with an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity. When hydrolyzed by the human microbiota enzymes, they give rise to ingredients used as cell nourishment or energy. This paper will review part of the scientific research results, supporting this new category of biodegradable cosmetic products known as facial mask sheets.

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