Toxicity of Nitrite to Fish: A Review

Lewis, William M.; Morris, Donald P.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<183:tontf>2.0.co;2

Cited by 379 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

268

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Data obtained by Gonzales et al (2000) suggest that environmentally realistic concentrations of nitrite may affect the dynamics of conjugative metabolism in fish. A review on the toxicity of nitrite to fish giving other effects of nitrite has been written by Lewis and Morris (1986).…”

Section: Higher Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addition of chloride ions (Cl − ) to culture water seems reduce the nitrite toxicity in most freshwater fish (Lewis & Morris 1986;Atwood et al 2001), increasing the nitrite tolerance more than 30-fold (Wisse & Tomasso 1989). According to Doblander and Lackner (1997) part of the nitrite taken up will be detoxified by erythrocytes in fish.…”

Section: Higher Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Origin, causes and effects of increased nitrite concentrations in aquatic environments

Philips

Laanbroek

Verstraete

2002

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

313

198

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Literature frequently mentions increased nitrite concentrations along with its inhibitory effect towards bacteria and aquatic life. Nitrite accumulation has been studied for decades, and although numerous causal factors have already been commented on in literature, the mechanism of nitrite accumulation is not always clear. From the broad range of parameters and environmental factors reviewed in this paper, it is obvious that the causes and consequences of nitrite accumulation are not yet completely understood. Among others, pH, dissolved oxygen, volatile fatty acids, phosphate and reactor operation have been found to play a role in nitrite accumulation, which results from differential inhibition or disruption of the linkage of the different steps in both nitrification and denitrification. In the case of nitrification, this differential inhibition could lead to the displacement or unlinking of the ammonia oxidisers and nitrite oxidisers. In this paper, the idea is formulated that the nitrifier population forms a role model for the total microbial community. Increased nitrite concentrations would in this aspect not only signal a disruption of nitrifiers, but possibly also of the total configuration of the microbial community.Abbreviations: AMO -Ammonia mono-oxygenase; Anammox -Anaerobic ammonium oxidation; AOBAmmonia-oxidising bacteria; ATP -Adenosine triphosphate; COD -Chemical oxygen demand; DNRA -Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium; DO -Dissolved oxygen; EU -European union; FA -Free ammonia; F/M -Food to micro-organism ratio; FNA -Free nitrous acid; HAO -Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase; HRTHydraulic residence time; NDBEPR -Enhanced biological phosphate removal with nitrification and denitrification; NO -Nitric oxide; NOB -Nitrite-oxidising bacteria; NOR -Nitrite oxidoreductase; OLAND -Oxygen limited autotrophic nitrification denitrification; RBC -Rotating biological contactor; Sharon -Single reactor high activity ammonia removal over nitrite; SRT -Sludge residence time; TAN -Total ammoniacal nitrogen; TOC -Total organic carbon; VAS -Volatile attached solids

show abstract

Section: Higher Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Higher Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, causes and effects of increased nitrite concentrations in aquatic environments

Philips

Laanbroek

Verstraete

2002

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

313

198

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nitrite toxicity to fish depends strongly on water quality (temperature; kation, anion and oxygen concentration) (Lewis and Morris, 1986). One of the most important factors influencing nitrite toxicity to fish is considered chloride concentration in water, i.e., nitrite toxicity decreases with increasing chloride concentration (Crawford and Allen, 1977;Lewis and Morris, 1986;Pistekova et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most important factors influencing nitrite toxicity to fish is considered chloride concentration in water, i.e., nitrite toxicity decreases with increasing chloride concentration (Crawford and Allen, 1977;Lewis and Morris, 1986;Pistekova et al, 2005). The reason for such a positive effect of chlorides can be found in the mechanism of ion uptake in the gills of freshwater fish.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning

Kroupová¹,

Máchová²,

Svobodová³

et al. 2006

Vet. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of the study was to assess the ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning and to distinguish the difference in nitrite poisoning of carp at two different chloride concentrations in water. Two groups of carp (group 1 and 2) were exposed to environmental nitrite concentration of 1.45 mmol/l NO2– at different chloride concentrations (group 1: 0.31 mmol/l Cl– and group 2: 3.73 mmol/l Cl–) for 48 hours. After that, they were transferred into nitrite-free water. In the group 1 mortality of 51% occurred during nitrite exposure and further 11% mortality was observed after 24 h in nitrite free water. No mortality occurred in group 2 and control. Nitrite and methaemoglobin concentrations (MetHb) markedly increased in group 1 (plasma: 10.5 ± 1.90 mmol/l NO2–, liver: 3.5 ± 1.15 mmol/kg NO2–, muscle: 1.5 ± 0.37 mmol/kg NO2–, and MetHb: 93 ± 6.1%) compared with control (plasma: 0.05 ± 0.04 mmol/l NO2–, liver: 0.02 ± 0.01 mmol/kg NO2–, muscle: 0.04 ± 0.01 mmol/kg NO2–, and MetHb: 3 ± 2.9%). After 24 h in nitrite-free water, the values mildly decreased but not significantly (plasma: 5.1 ± 1.49 mmol/l NO2–, liver: 1.8 ± 0.65 mmol/kg NO2–, muscle: 0.8 ± 0.23 mmol/kg NO2–, and MetHb: 84 ± 11.2%). After next 120 h the values decreased significantly and were compared with those found in the control group (traces of nitrite, MetHb: 3 ± 2.1%). Nitrite exposure caused also increase in plasma K+ (3.8 ± 0.29 mmol/l), ammonia (230 ± 92 µmol/l), urea (1.7 ± 0.28 mmol/l) and uric acid concentration (66 ± 54 µmol/l) in group 1. On the other hand, values of haematocrit, erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration were markedly lower than control values. Most changes were corrected by the end of the recovery period, only plasma potassium concentration dropped bellow the control values. Nearly no changes were found in the group 2 compared with the control during the whole experiment duration. This shows the positive effect of chlorides on the fish resistance against nitrites.

show abstract

“…Carbonate and nitrate also have a significant impact but they are not as effective as chloride and bromide (LEWIS and MORRIS, 1986). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of Sodium Nitrite for Spiny-Cheek Crayfish (Orconectes Limosus Raf.) the Effect of Chloride Content in Water on the Toxicity

Kozák

Máchová

Policar

2005

Bull. Fr. Pêche Piscic.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Toxicity of sodium nitrite for the spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus) was assessed in relation to the concentration of chlorides diluted in water. Results of the tests confirmed a favourable effect of chloride content in water on the tolerance of spiny-cheek crayfish to nitrites. The 96hLC 50 value of 4.8 mg l -1 , 17.7 mg l -1 , 34.7 mg l -1 , 50.5 mg l -1 , 74.4 mg l -1 , and 96.6 mg l -1 N-NO 2 -found out in individual tests corresponded, respectively to a chloride content of 11, 40, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg l -1 Cl -in diluting water. Linear relationship of the 96hLC 50 values on chloride concentration (y = 0.23 ×+ 7) was proven statistically (R = 0.995).

show abstract

Toxicity of Nitrite to Fish: A Review

Cited by 379 publications

References 28 publications

Origin, causes and effects of increased nitrite concentrations in aquatic environments

Origin, causes and effects of increased nitrite concentrations in aquatic environments

The ability of recovery in common carp after nitrite poisoning

Of Sodium Nitrite for Spiny-Cheek Crayfish (Orconectes Limosus Raf.) the Effect of Chloride Content in Water on the Toxicity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About