Toxicity of Peptides of <i>Amanita virosa</i> Mushrooms in Mice

Loranger, Anne; Tuchweber, B; Gicquaud, Claude; St-Pierre, Stéphane; CÔTÉ, M. G.

doi:10.1093/toxsci/5.6part1.1144

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Several other lipophilic peptides with ring structures are known to be cholestatic; in fact, of peptides, only those with cyclic structures have been reported to alter bile production or cause cholestasis. These include microcystin-LR, a cyclic heptapeptide from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa (19); viroisin and phalloidin; cyclic peptides from Amanita uirosa mushrooms (33); vasopressin (34); and somatostatin (19,(33)(34)(35). Inhibition of bile secretion is not a hormonal effect of somatostatin, but it has been reported in patients with somatostatin-secreting tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelins 1 and 3: Potent cholestatic agents secreted and excreted by the liver that interact with cyclosporine

et al. 1993

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Autoradiographic studies have shown that the liver accumulates endothelin. High-affinity binding sites for endothelin have been identified on rat liver plasma membranes. We investigated the role of endothelin isopeptides as mediators of cholestasis with isolated rat liver perfused by a recirculating solution of buffer and blood. These studies demonstrated that endothelin-1, as measured by means of radioimmunoassay, was cleared from the perfusate by the liver and that the liver concentrated both endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 in bile. Addition of endothelin-1 to the liver perfusate solution increased the concentration of endothelin-3 measured in the perfusate, suggesting that endothelin-1 caused release or secretion of endothelin-3. Both endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 at 5 nmol/L caused almost complete cessation of bile flow, but this effect was more prolonged after endothelin-1 than after endothelin-3 administration. Because it has been reported that cyclosporine increases endothelin levels, we studied the interaction of these two compounds. Cyclosporine (100 mumol/L) also produced cholestasis. Endothelin-3 secretion in bile, however, was decreased in livers perfused with cyclosporine compared with secretion in controls. Simultaneous addition of endothelin-1 and cyclosporine that on their own were not significantly cholestatic produced cholestasis. In conclusion, endothelin is a potent cholestatic agent secreted and excreted by the liver. It may potentiate the cholestatic action of cyclosporine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelins 1 and 3: Potent cholestatic agents secreted and excreted by the liver that interact with cyclosporine

et al. 1993

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“…Die 2. Gruppe der Gifte, die Phallotoxine (Hauptvertreter Phalloidin), binden sich an Aktin, das in der Plasmamembran zahlreicher Zellen vorkommt [27]. Ihre Resorption im Magen-Darm-Trakt ist beschränkt, sodass sie dort durch Funktionsstörung der Schleimhautepithelmembranen vorwiegend eine lokale, subakute gastrointestinale Toxizität entfalten [28].…”

Section: Amatoxin-syndromunclassified

Pilzvergiftungen: Toxidrome, Diagnose und Therapie

Kaufmann

2007

Wien Med Wochenschr

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The major syndromes of mushroom poisoning can be divided by presentation timing: Early syndromes (symptom onset <6 hrs after ingestion) have little probability to cause organ damage. Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea occur in most cases and treatment includes initial gastrointestinal decontamination with oral activated charcoal and fluid rehydration. In addition, an acute gastrointestinal syndrome can be combined with cholinergic toxicity, epileptiformic response or immuno-hemolytic anemia. Neurotoxic Syndromes may present as dysphoria, delirium, hallucinations or disulfiram-like reactions. Treatment is entirely supportive and if performed in hospital, the prognosis is good. Late syndromes (symptom onset >6 hrs after ingestion) are life-threatening due to liver- and renal failure. Patients who are jaundiced after an acute gastrointestinal episode, are suspected to be poisoned with Amatoxins. Patients with flank pain, hematuria, polyuria or oliguria in the absence of jaundice are suspected to have an intoxication with Cortinarius mushrooms. In both cases an intensive care management is indicated.

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“…Purified fractions were administered i.p. at various dosages to determine the LD50, which ranged from 1.0 to 5.3 mg/kg with viroidin, phalloidin, and viroisin being the most potent [307]. The virotoxins and phalloidin induced hemorrhagic necrosis of the liver.…”

Section: Action On Actinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virotoxins and phalloidin induced hemorrhagic necrosis of the liver. The development of hepatic lesions was followed by enhanced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity as well as by light and electron microscopic changes [307]. Two of the peptides tested (viroisin (93) and phalloidin ( 105)) decreased bile flow by >50% over control values.…”

Section: Action On Actinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Naturally-Occurring Cyclopeptides: Structures and Bioactivity

Pomilio¹,

Battista²,

Vitale

2006

COC

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Cyclic peptides are a special bioactive group of compounds with interesting pharmacological and biochemical properties. Different natural sources are mentioned in this paper, but interest is focused on those cyclopeptides isolated from higher plants and higher fungi. Cyclopeptides occur in higher plant species, which belong to the following families: Annonaceae, Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Labiatae, Linaceae, Olacaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Schizandraceae, Solanaceae, and Violaceae. Basidiomycetes is the group of higher fungi, which has shown to be rich in cyclopeptides, e.g., Amanita, Conocybe, Lepiota, Galerina, and Omphalotus species. Usually these compounds are associated to a toxic response in mammals, as well as to cytotoxic, insecticidal, antimalarial, estrogenic, sedative, nematicidal, antimicrobial, immunosuppressive, and enzyme-inhibitory activities. Structures are elucidated by chemical methods and spectroscopic techniques. Configurational and conformational analyses of some bioactive cyclopeptides are discussed. Conformational studies of the natural cyclopeptides and their derivatives are related to the stereochemical requirements for these bioactive compounds.

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Toxicity of Peptides of Amanita virosa Mushrooms in Mice

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Endothelins 1 and 3: Potent cholestatic agents secreted and excreted by the liver that interact with cyclosporine

Endothelins 1 and 3: Potent cholestatic agents secreted and excreted by the liver that interact with cyclosporine

Pilzvergiftungen: Toxidrome, Diagnose und Therapie

Naturally-Occurring Cyclopeptides: Structures and Bioactivity

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