Toxicity of Plant Essential Oils and Their Spray Formulations against the Citrus Flatid Planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa Say (Hemiptera: Flatidae)

Abstract

The insecticidal activity of 124 plant essential oils and control efficacy of six experimental spray formulations (SF) containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10% of the selected oils was examined against both nymph and adult of the citrus flatid planthopper, Metcalfa pruinosa using direct contact applications (leaf dipping and spray). Reponses varied according to dose (1,000 and 500 mg/L). When exposed at 1,000 mg/L for 24 h using leaf dipping assay, 19 essential oils showed strong mortality (100%) among 124 essential oils screened. At 500 mg/L, 100% mortality was observed in cinnamon technical, cinnamon green leaf, cinnamon #500, cassia tree, citronella java and pennyroyal followed by origanum, thyme white, grapefruit, savory, fennel sweet, aniseed and cinnamon bark showed considerable mortality (93.3-80%) against nymphs of M. pruinosa. The moderate mortality (73.3-60%) was found in thyme red, tagetes, calamus, lemoneucalptus and geranium. Oils applied as SF-10% sprays provided 100 % mortality against adult M. pruinosa. One hundred mortalities were achieved in cinnamon technical at >SF-0.5 formulation, in cinnamon #500, cinnamon green leaf and penny royal at >SF-2.5. To reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic insecticides in the agricultural environment, the active essential oils as potential larvicides could be provided as an alternative to control M. pruinosa populations.

Efficacy of cinnamon oil and its active ingredient (cinnamaldehyde) on the cotton mealy bug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and the predator Chrysoperla carnea

“…El-Wakeil et al (2006) proved that the chemical products were harmless to adults of C. carnea. Kim et al (2013) and Isman (2000Isman ( , 2006 illustrated that plant essential oils are potential products for the control of M. pruinosa because some of them are selective, biodegrade into nontoxic products, and have less harmful effects on non-target organisms.…”

Insecticidal activities and repellent effects of methylcinnamate and essential oils fromAlpinia galangalagainst nymphs and adults ofMetcalfa pruinosa

“…이 는 아직 관행재배가 주를 이루고 있는 국내의 상황과 이를 대 체할 수 있는 효과적인 방제방법이 많이 부족하기 때문이다 [6]. 현재 미국선녀벌레에 대한 친환경 방제방법에 대한 연구로는 유 일하게 계피, 시트로넬라, 페니로얄 및 오레가노 등 시판중인 124종의 식물정유를 활용한 살충 스크리닝을 수행하여 12종의 정유를 선발한 연구가 있다 [7]. 국외의 경우에도 식물 정유를 이용한 살충활성 관련 연구는 많으나 미국선녀벌레를 대상으로 한 연구는 아직 없는 실정이다.…”

Insecticidal activities of their components derived from the essential oils of Cinnamomum sp. barks and against Ricania sp. (Homoptera: Ricaniidae), a newly recorded pest

“…The inflow and diffusion of sporadic pests are accelerating due to climate change, an increase in international trade and advanced transportation . Recently, outbreaks of sporadic pests, such as Lycorma delicatula , Metcalfa pruinosa and Ricania sp . have caused ecosystem and economic damage.…”

“…Furthermore, Cinnamomum sp. oils and cinnamaldehyde have potent insecticidal activity against Callosobruchus maculatus , Sitophilus oryzae and Metcalfa pruinosa …”

“…oils and cinnamaldehyde have potent insecticidal activity against Callosobruchus maculatus, Sitophilus oryzae and Metcalfa pruinosa. 3,15,16 The insecticidal activities of C. cassia and C. zeylanicum oils and their components against Ricania sp. are not known.…”