Toxicity of Residual Chlorines from Hypochlorite-treated Seawater to Marine Amphipod Hyale barbicornis and Estuarine Fish Oryzias javanicus

Añasco, Nathaniel C.; Koyama, Jiro; Imai, Shoko; Nakamura, Kyotaro

doi:10.1007/s11270-008-9732-x

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The water was pumped from a 700 m 3 aerated basin into the flume and subsequently returned to the basin. The basin water is regularly refreshed and mixed with 25 l of 13% hypochlorite, resulting in an initial mass concentration of sodium hypochlorite of the order 1 ppm, which is sufficiently low not to cause any stress for living organisms (Anasco et al ., ). To avoid the influence of stress due to transportation and let the larvae accustom to flume water, the transfer from original habitat water to flume water was made over 24 h, in several steps consisting of mixing the two water types.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The role of turbulence in the hydraulic environment of benthic invertebrates

Blanckaert¹,

Garcia

Ricardo³

et al. 2012

Ecohydrology

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The role of turbulence in the dislodgment of benthic stream invertebrates from the riverbed was investigated experimentally in a laboratory flume. For the first time, technological advances allowed measuring the spatio-temporal patterns of turbulent flow around two free-moving invertebrates (Aeshna cyanea and Somatochlora flavomaculata). A specific methodology was developed for the analysis of turbulence around benthic invertebrates. The results confirmed two hypotheses: (i) on the contrary to sediment particles, invertebrates are not only sensitive to the peak values of the turbulent flow forcing but also to the temporal fluctuations in this flow forcing; and (ii) the dominant temporal fluctuations are not due to local turbulent structures of the size of the invertebrate, but to turbulent structures that scale with the flow depth and are inherited from upstream. In 15 of the 17 conducted tests, important turbulent events that scale with the flow depth accompanied by rapid temporal flow fluctuations occurred at the moment of dislodgement. The dominant forcing was consistently a threefold increase in shear stress, and was related to a sweep event in 12 of the 17 tests. Thereby, the increase in longitudinal velocity was typically about 40%, which led to a 100% increase in drag force in comparison with the time-averaged drag force. These results enable a new understanding of the detailed hydraulic conditions leading to passive drift of stream invertebrates. In addition, they open new perspectives to improve models predicting the distribution of benthic invertebrates based on hydrodynamics by accounting for turbulence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The role of turbulence in the hydraulic environment of benthic invertebrates

Blanckaert¹,

Garcia

Ricardo³

et al. 2012

Ecohydrology

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“…NaOCl in water is converted to NaCl over time in sunlight and particularly by UV radiation. However, longterm exposure to NaOCl has significant adverse impacts on marine organisms at any concentration (Rajamohan et al 2007, Añasco et al 2008). For example, previous studies have reported that TRC concentrations from NaOCl of 30 to 106 ppb will kill 50% of the exposed individuals in seven dinoflagellate species (Gymnodinium catenatum, Cochlodinium polykrikoides, Akashiwo sanguinea, Lingulodinium polyedrum, Prorocentrium micans, Alexandrium affine, and G. impudicum) after only one hour (Jeong et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of elevated carbon dioxide and sodium hypochlorite on survival and impairment of three phytoplankton species

Kim¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2013

ALGAE

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Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is widely used to disinfect seawater in power plant cooling systems in order to reduce biofouling, and in ballast water treatment systems to prevent transport of exotic marine species. While the toxicity of NaOCl is expected to increase by ongoing ocean acidification, and many experimental studies have shown how algal calcification, photosynthesis and growth respond to ocean acidification, no studies have investigated the relationship between NaOCl toxicity and increased CO 2 . Therefore, we investigated whether the impacts of NaOCl on survival, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), and effective quantum yield in three marine phytoplankton belonging to different taxonomic classes are increased under high CO 2 levels. Our results show that all biological parameters of the three species decreased under increasing NaOCl concentration, but increasing CO 2 concentration alone (from 450 to 715 μatm) had no effect on any of these parameters in the organisms. However, due to the synergistic effects between NaOCl and CO 2 , the survival and Chl-a content in two of the species, Thalassiosira eccentrica and Heterosigma akashiwo, were significantly reduced under high CO 2 when NaOCl was also elevated. The results show that combined exposure to high CO 2 and NaOCl results in increasing toxicity of NaOCl in some marine phytoplankton. Consequently, greater caution with use of NaOCl will be required, as its use is widespread in coastal waters.

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“…Fresh samples were used for each test due to high chlorine volatility. The concentration of free available chlorine (FAC) of products was determined by the reaction of the tested products with phosphate buffer and potassium iodide, followed by titration of thiosulphate on starch (Añasco et al 2008). The results of the analyses for three tested products are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Disinfectansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant stress activated by chlorine from disinfectants prepared on the base of sodium hypochlorite

Fargašová¹

2017

Nova Biotechnologica Et Chimica

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In this study, the phytotoxicity of disinfectants prepared on the base of sodium hypochlorite was determined. For our tests two commercial products, Savo and Dom Amor, as well as 10% NaClO solution were used. While Savo contained only NaClO, Dom Amor contained NaClO and earthworm enzymes. Products on the base of NaClO are used in households for cleaning and disinfection of floors, furniture, sanitary and kitchen equipment. Savo may be used for the disinfection of drinking waters as well. Products with NaClO are also used for bacteria, algae and pathogens reduction in irrigation waters. As a subject, young seedlings of mustard Sinapis alba L. were used for the study of chronic toxicity. The observed parameters of the inhibition of roots and shoots growth, dry (DM) and fresh (FM) mass as well as photosynthetic pigments production (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids) and water content in the plants were determined. The results point out that Dom Amor was the most toxic for S. alba seedlings growth and the rank order of the FAC contents for both plant parts was arranged as: Dom Amor > Savo > NaClO. All disinfectants reduced the DM and FM of roots; however, they stimulated biomass production in the shoots. On the basis of the obtained results it could be concluded, that disinfectants stimulated photosynthetic pigments production and reduced water content mainly in the roots. Dom Amor did not significantly reduced the water content in the shoots and for this parameter the following rank orders of inhibition for roots and shoots could be arranged as NaClO > Dom Amor > Savo and NaClO > Savo > Dom Amor, respectively. All commercial products increased chlorophyll a (Chla) and the carotenoids (Car) content in the shoots. As significant increase was confirmed first for Chla whose content in the presence of NaClO at concentration 24 mL/L overextended that in the control by 3.5 times. The rank orders of stimulation for Chla and Car were NaClO > Savo > Dom Amor and Dom Amor > NaClO > Savo, respectively.

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Toxicity of Residual Chlorines from Hypochlorite-treated Seawater to Marine Amphipod Hyale barbicornis and Estuarine Fish Oryzias javanicus

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

The role of turbulence in the hydraulic environment of benthic invertebrates

The role of turbulence in the hydraulic environment of benthic invertebrates

Synergistic effects of elevated carbon dioxide and sodium hypochlorite on survival and impairment of three phytoplankton species

Plant stress activated by chlorine from disinfectants prepared on the base of sodium hypochlorite

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