Toxicity of Salvia officinalis in a Newborn and a Child: An Alarming Report

Gan

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

et al. 2020

In recent decades, reduced antimicrobial effectiveness, increased bacterial infection, and newly emerged microbial resistance have become global public issues, leading to an urgent need to find effective strategies to counteract these problems. Strategies targeting bacterial virulence factors rather than bacterial survival have attracted increasing interest, since the modulation of virulence factors may prevent the development of drug resistance in bacteria. Spices are promising natural sources of antivirulence compounds owing to their wide availability, diverse antivirulence phytochemical constituents, and generally favorable safety profiles. Essential oils are the predominant and most important antivirulence components of spices. This review addresses the recent efforts of using spice essential oils to inhibit main bacterial virulence traits, including the quorum sensing system, biofilm formation, motility, and toxin production, with an intensive discussion of related mechanisms. We hope that this review can provide a better understanding of the antivirulence properties of spice essential oils, which have the potential to be used as antibiotic alternatives by targeting bacterial virulence. K E Y W O R D Sbiofilm, mechanisms, motility, quorum sensing, spice essential oils, toxin 1018

Section: Spice Essential Oils and Their Major Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antivirulence properties and related mechanisms of spice essential oils: A comprehensive review

Gan

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

et al. 2020

“…However, the findings of a case study had opposite results. In this study, it was reported that in two cases, those of a newborn and a toddler, experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures was appeared after accidental exposure to SO oil [37]. The presence of thujones, camphor and 1,8-cineol in its essential oils may be responsible for this adverse effect.…”

Section: Anti-seizure Effectsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Recent Studies on the Neuropharmacological Effects of Salvia officinalis L.: A Promising Candidate for Alzheimer's Disease

Hasanein¹,

Sharifi²,

Emamjomeh³

2017

Med chem

Salvia is the largest genus of the Lamiaceae family including about 100 species. Salvia officinalis L. (SO) is one of the most appreciated herbs for richness of the essential oil content and its numerous biologically active compounds. SO has been used in herbal medicine for many centuries. In Islamic literature, it is considered as one of the greatest forms of healing medicine. The leaves of the plant have a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-bacterial, fungistatic, virustatic, anticancer, astringent, eupeptic and antihydrotic effects. Recently, this plant has been focused for its application in traditional medicine as well as to find new neurobiological properties. In this review, the up-todate information on the neurobiological effects of SO on the central nervous system will be reviewed. These include analgesic, memory enhancing, neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, anti-addictive, sedative, anxiolytic, and skeletal muscle relaxant effects. Furthermore, chemical compounds responsible for these effects and the clinical studies on this plant are presented and discussed.

Essential Oils - Bioactive Compounds, New Perspectives and Applications

“…In humans, essential oils from Salvia officinalis, Thuja plicata, Cedrus spp., Hyssopus officinalis, Eucalyptus spp., Mentha pulegium, Cinnamonum camphora and Anethum graveolens produced tonic-clonic convulsions, particularly in children and especially in those with a history of epileptic syndromes, according to several reports [30,31]. Table 3.…”

Section: Neurological Toxicity Of Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Profile of Essential Oils

Voștinaru¹,

Hegheş²,

Filip³

2020

Essential oils are complex mixtures of terpenes and phenylpropanoid compounds, present in multiple species of aromatic plants. They are extensively used in food and cosmetic industries in order to give flavor to food and drinks or as natural fragrances. Moreover, several compounds present in essential oils are important for the pharmaceutical industry due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anxiolytic or spasmolytic effects. Although many essential oils are generally recognized as safe, a series of adverse reactions have been reported after their use either by internal or external routes. The aim of this chapter is to increase the awareness of healthcare professionals concerning possible safety issues of essential oils. Common adverse effects of essential oils like sensitization and dermatitis but also more severe phenomena like neurotoxicity will be presented in detail, concerning their epidemiology, mechanism and clinical significance. A thorough understanding of the safety profile of essential oils is necessary for healthcare and food industry professionals in order to maximize their beneficial effects while minimizing the risk for the users.