Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles at the Air-Liquid Interface

Holder, Amara L.; Marr, Linsey C.

doi:10.1155/2013/328934

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The amount of deposited Ag in our study ranged from 0.42 to 2.2 μg cm –2 , depending on the aerosol flow rate (100, 214 and 390 ml min –1 ) and the strength of the electrostatic field (±1 or ±2 kV), based on the results of both gravimetric and chemical analysis (Table ). These amounts are roughly in the same range as in other ALI in vitro studies (Herzog et al , ; Holder & Marr, ) and close to model estimates of relevant exposure levels in humans (Gangwal et al , ). The model by Gangwal et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…For instance Herzog et al () reported no increased cytotoxicity (activity of lactate dehydrogenase) after exposing co‐cultured lung cells in ALI to citrate‐coated AgNPs at concentrations of 0.030 and 0.278 μg cm –2 for 4 and 24 h. This is in line with our study showing no effect on membrane integrity. Another study by Holder and Marr () reported only minor cytotoxic and inflammatory responses in A549 cells cultured in ALI when exposed to non‐coated AgNPs at a concentration of 0.7 μg cm –2 for 24 h. One underlying factor for the different results of AgNP toxicity might be that the bioavailability of AgNPs is strongly affected by different extracellular conditions such as pH and the presence of ions, proteins, lipids and other species forming Ag complexes. The bioavailability is also affected by the diverse intracellular conditions in different cellular compartments (Behra et al , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of an air–liquid interface exposure system for assessing toxicity of airborne nanoparticles

Latvala

Hedberg

Möller

et al. 2016

J of Applied Toxicology

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The use of refined toxicological methods is currently needed for characterizing the risks of airborne nanoparticles (NPs) to human health. To mimic pulmonary exposure, we have developed an air–liquid interface (ALI) exposure system for direct deposition of airborne NPs on to lung cell cultures. Compared to traditional submerged systems, this allows more realistic exposure conditions for characterizing toxicological effects induced by airborne NPs. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the deposition of silver NPs (AgNPs) is affected by different conditions of the ALI system. Additionally, the viability and metabolic activity of A549 cells was studied following AgNP exposure. Particle deposition increased markedly with increasing aerosol flow rate and electrostatic field strength. The highest amount of deposited particles (2.2 μg cm–2) at cell‐free conditions following 2 h exposure was observed for the highest flow rate (390 ml min–1) and the strongest electrostatic field (±2 kV). This was estimated corresponding to deposition efficiency of 94%. Cell viability was not affected after 2 h exposure to clean air in the ALI system. Cells exposed to AgNPs (0.45 and 0.74 μg cm–2) showed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced metabolic activities (64 and 46%, respectively). Our study shows that the ALI exposure system can be used for generating conditions that were more realistic for in vitro exposures, which enables improved mechanistic and toxicological studies of NPs in contact with human lung cells.Copyright © 2016 The Authors Journal of Applied Toxicology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of an air–liquid interface exposure system for assessing toxicity of airborne nanoparticles

Latvala

Hedberg

Möller

et al. 2016

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…On one hand in vivo [36] and in vitro [18,19] analysis revealed only minor cytotoxic and inflammatory effects after silver exposure. Furthermore, just recently the authors of a study investigating the effects of Ag NPs at the air-liquid interface found only a negligible cytotoxic and minor inflammatory response [46]. On the other hand Ag-NP toxicity was reported by many others whereas ROS dependent DNA damage, anti-proliferative effects, increase of inflammatory markers and subsequent cytotoxicity was observed in vitro [15,17,19,20,27,47] and in vivo [35,48,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of silver-nanoparticles and silver-ions to lung cells in vitro at the air-liquid interface

et al. 2013

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BackgroundDue to its antibacterial properties, silver (Ag) has been used in more consumer products than any other nanomaterial so far. Despite the promising advantages posed by using Ag-nanoparticles (NPs), their interaction with mammalian systems is currently not fully understood. An exposure route via inhalation is of primary concern for humans in an occupational setting. Aim of this study was therefore to investigate the potential adverse effects of aerosolised Ag-NPs using a human epithelial airway barrier model composed of A549, monocyte derived macrophage and dendritic cells cultured in vitro at the air-liquid interface. Cell cultures were exposed to 20 nm citrate-coated Ag-NPs with a deposition of 30 and 278 ng/cm2 respectively and incubated for 4 h and 24 h. To elucidate whether any effects of Ag-NPs are due to ionic effects, Ag-Nitrate (AgNO3) solutions were aerosolised at the same molecular mass concentrations.ResultsAgglomerates of Ag-NPs were detected at 24 h post exposure in vesicular structures inside cells but the cellular integrity was not impaired upon Ag-NP exposures. Minimal cytotoxicity, by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase, could only be detected following a higher concentrated AgNO3-solution. A release of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-8 was neither observed upon Ag-NP and AgNO3 exposures as well as was not affected when cells were pre-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Also, an induction of mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-8, could only be observed for the highest AgNO3 concentration alone or even significantly increased when pre-stimulated with LPS after 4 h. However, this effect disappeared after 24 h. Furthermore, oxidative stress markers (HMOX-1, SOD-1) were expressed after 4 h in a concentration dependent manner following AgNO3 exposures only.ConclusionsWith an experimental setup reflecting physiological exposure conditions in the human lung more realistic, the present study indicates that Ag-NPs do not cause adverse effects and cells were only sensitive to high Ag-ion concentrations. Chronic exposure scenarios however, are needed to reveal further insight into the fate of Ag-NPs after deposition and cell interactions.

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“…Since the calculated amount of antioxidants adsorbing onto particles is small compared to the measured depletion, oxidative loss by ROS is presumed to be the dominant mechanism. 58 However, Ag, TiO 2 , and C 60 are of concern because they can catalyze the formation of high amounts of furans 9 or perhaps other pollutants that are more genotoxic. Oxidation of GSH by oxygen over 1 h is a less likely explanation as it requires pH greater than 8.5 and copper salt as a catalyst.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of particulate matter from incineration of nanowaste

Vejerano

Holder

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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Disposal of some nanomaterial-containing waste by incineration and the subsequent formation of particulate matter (PM) along with hazardous combustion by-products are inevitable. The effect of nanomaterials on the toxicity of the PM is unknown. We assessed the oxidative potential (OP) and toxicity of PM resulting from the incineration of pure nanomaterials and of paper and plastic wastes containing Ag, NiO, TiO 2 , ceria, C 60 , Fe 2 O 3 , or CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (CdSe QD) at mass loadings ranging from 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%.We measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) using the dichlorofluorescein assay, and we also measured consumption of ascorbic acid, dithiothreitol (DTT), glutathione (GSH), or uric acid antioxidants from raw and solvent-extracted PM, denoted "cleaned PM". We determined cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PM to A549 human lung epithelial cells with the WST-1 cell viability and histone immunofluorescence assays, respectively. In most cases, the presence of nanomaterials in the waste did not significantly affect the OP of PM; however, PM derived from waste containing Ag, TiO 2 , and C 60 had elevated ROS response in the GSH and DTT assays. The ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was significantly higher for cleaned PM compared to raw PM for almost all nanomaterials at almost all concentrations, indicating that combustion by-products adsorbed on raw PM play an important role in determining OP. The presence of nanomaterials did not significantly modify the cytotoxicity or genotoxicity of the PM. Different antioxidants used to assess OP had varying sensitivity towards organic compounds v. metals in PM. The presence of these seven nanomaterials at low concentrations in the waste stream is not expected to exacerbate the hazard posed by PM that is produced by incineration. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: TEM micrographs of PM, metal content in the waste. See As more engineered nanomaterials are incorporated into consumer products, nanomaterials will inevitably enter the waste stream, and it is certain that some will be incinerated. The toxicity of nanomaterials stemming from the incineration on nanowaste is unknown. Incineration can modify the physicochemical properties of a nanomaterial and the emitted particulate matter and potentially alter their toxicity.a Significantly different in size from rPM at p < 0.05. b Significantly different from corresponding control at p < 0.05 polydispersity index: rPM (0.315 ± 0.094), cPM (0.159 ± 0.047). c Measurements correspond to 0 wt% and are listed in this column for convenience.

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Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles at the Air-Liquid Interface

Cited by 31 publications

References 59 publications

Optimization of an air–liquid interface exposure system for assessing toxicity of airborne nanoparticles

Optimization of an air–liquid interface exposure system for assessing toxicity of airborne nanoparticles

Exposure of silver-nanoparticles and silver-ions to lung cells in vitro at the air-liquid interface

Toxicity of particulate matter from incineration of nanowaste

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