Toxicity of soluble film automatic dishwashing products as reported to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service 2008–2015

Day, Rachael; Eddleston, Michael; Thomas, Simon; Thompson, John Paul; Vale, J. A.

doi:10.1080/15563650.2016.1209762

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We compared these results with those we published recently on soluble film automatic dishwashing tablets. [5] Overall, there were a similar number of cases involving ingestion of a dishwashing tablet reported for the traditional (n=488) and the soluble film types (n=479). The percentage of children (<18 years) exposed by ingestion to traditional tablets (89.9%) was significantly lower (p<0.0001) than the percentage of children ingesting soluble film tablets (96.9%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The data relating to the traditional type of tablets were analyzed and their toxicity then compared to that of soluble film tablets. [5] Confidence intervals were calculated and a two-sample Chisquared test was performed using GraphPad Prism Version 7.01 to determine whether there were significant differences between exposures to traditional and soluble film tablets and between children and adults.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously published data on 488 exposures involving soluble film automatic dishwashing tablets. [5] Soluble films used in this way are claimed to have two main advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That being said, the integrity of the soluble film can be compromised and the contents of the tablet can be released prematurely when in contact with moist hands or saliva. [5] The traditional (wrapper covered) type of tablet consists entirely of a compressed powder, whereas soluble film tablets can also contain liquid and/or gel components. That said, the chemical composition of traditional and soluble film dishwashing tablets is similar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the chemical composition of present day traditional tablets is similar to those enclosed in a soluble film, it would not be anticipated that the toxicity of traditional tablets as reported to the United Kingdom (UK) National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) over the period 2008-2015 would be different from that which we have reported for soluble film automatic dishwashing tablets over the same period. [5] Nonetheless, as the toxicity of present day automatic dishwashing tablets has not been ascertained previously, we have investigated the reported toxicity of these tablets and ascertained whether or not they are more likely to result in clinically important features than those enclosed in a soluble film. In addition, we have compared the toxicity reported in children and adults with both types of tablet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposures to traditional automatic dishwashing tablets and a comparison with exposures to soluble film tablets reported to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service 2008–2015

Day

Eddleston

Thomas

et al. 2016

Clinical Toxicology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously published data on 488 exposures involving soluble film automatic dishwashing tablets. [5] Soluble films used in this way are claimed to have two main advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Exposures to traditional automatic dishwashing tablets and a comparison with exposures to soluble film tablets reported to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service 2008–2015

Day

Eddleston

Thomas

et al. 2016

Clinical Toxicology

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Poisoning by drugs and chemicals

Vale¹,

Bradberry²,

Bateman³

2020

Oxford Textbook of Medicine

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Poisoning is usually an acute, short-lived event which necessitates immediate care, though complications such as rhabdomyolysis may persist for a few days. Less commonly, symptoms may arise only after prolonged exposure, as occurs with many heavy metals. Rarely, sequelae may not occur until many years after exposure (e.g. with vinyl chloride). It must be stressed that exposure does not necessarily equate with poisoning as uptake of the agent involved is required but, even if this occurs, poisoning does not necessarily result as the amount absorbed may be too small. Poisoning may be accidental or deliberate; it is usually accidental in small children, but in adults it is almost invariably deliberate. Less commonly, it may be iatrogenic. Occupational poisoning is frequent in developing countries.

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Toxicity of traditional and soluble film automatic dishwashing tablets

Day

Sandilands

et al. 2019

Hum Exp Toxicol

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Introduction: Detergents used in automatic dishwashing machines are of two main types: traditional tablets that require removal from an external wrapper and newer soluble film tablets. Objective: To determine the toxicity of automatic dishwashing tablets. Methods: Telephone enquiries to the UK National Poisons Information Service were analysed for the period January 2008 to June 2019. Results: Ingestion: Ingestion was involved in 798 traditional tablet exposures and 725 soluble film exposures. Clinical features (Poisoning Severity Score ≥ 1) developed in 22.2% of patients ingesting traditional tablets and in 28.8% ingesting soluble film tablets; moderate or severe toxicity was rare (<0.5% for both traditional and soluble film tablets). Children (≤5 years) significantly ( p < 0.0001) more often developed features following ingestion of soluble film ( n = 193, 28.2%) than traditional tablets ( n = 134, 19.1%). In contrast, adults more often developed features following ingestion of traditional than soluble film tablets, although this difference was not statistically significant. Eye exposure: The eye was involved in only 26 of 1539 exposures; 17 of 26 exposures resulted in ocular features. The most commonly reported features were conjunctivitis, eye pain and blurred vision, although one patient sustained a corneal abrasion and developed loss of vision. Skin exposure: Thirty-four of 1539 exposures involved the skin but only 3 developed dermal features which were minor. Conclusions: Children (≤5 years) significantly more often developed features following ingestion of soluble film than traditional tablets, although the likelihood of a child developing features was relatively low (<30%) and features that did develop were almost always mild. In contrast, adults more often developed features following the ingestion of traditional than soluble film tablets. Overall, the eye was involved in only 1.7% of exposures and only one patient sustained a corneal abrasion.

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Toxicity of soluble film automatic dishwashing products as reported to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service 2008–2015

Abstract: Ingestion of a soluble film automatic dishwashing tablet rarely resulted in clinically significant symptoms, which is surprising given the potential hazard of the ingredients. Hence, it seems probable that the amount of material actually ingested was very small or that most was spat out.

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Exposures to traditional automatic dishwashing tablets and a comparison with exposures to soluble film tablets reported to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service 2008–2015

Exposures to traditional automatic dishwashing tablets and a comparison with exposures to soluble film tablets reported to the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service 2008–2015

Poisoning by drugs and chemicals

Toxicity of traditional and soluble film automatic dishwashing tablets

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