Toxicity of Some Phenolic Derivatives—In Vitro Studies

Zapór, Lidia

doi:10.1080/10803548.2004.11076620

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Good correlations were obtained when IC 50 values from NRU and MTT assays were compared with LD 50 values obtained in rabbits after dermal exposure. The maximum Pearson correlation coefficient was obtained for the IC 50 value and dermal irritation coefficient [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of Resorcinol Under Short- and Long-Term Exposure in Vitro

Skowroń

Zapór

2004

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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Cytotoxicity of resorcinol to 3T3 fibroblast in short- (3 hrs) and long-term (72 hrs or 6 weeks) exposure was investigated. The effects of resorcinol on cell viability (neutral red uptake, NRU assay), mitochondrial function (MTT assay) and total cell protein (Kenacid Blue assay) were estimated. As a model for long-term exposure an INTEGRA CL 6-WELL bioreactor was used. The concentrations of resorcinol producing 20, 50 and 80% inhibition of cell growth in the NRU test were lower than in the MTT test after 3 hrs of exposure. The use of an INTEGRA CL 6-WELL bioreactor allows continuous culturing and exposure to test chemical of cells for several weeks, but the strong adhesiveness of fibroblast and forming aggregates make it difficult to remove them from chambers. Resorcinol in concentration of 1 microg/cm(3) did not decrease the viability of cells to 50% of control in long-term exposure in the bioreactor.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity of Resorcinol Under Short- and Long-Term Exposure in Vitro

Skowroń

Zapór

2004

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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“…This is because both compounds have high melting points, above 200ºC [28] . The melting point is related to the permeability of compounds on the skin as well as their solubility and ability to penetrate the skin [29] . Compounds with melting points below 100ºC are more easily absorbed through the skin, so the possibility of causing corrosion or irritation is higher [30,31] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Toxicity of Anthocyanin Compounds (Cyanidin and Peonidin)

Susanti

Wisesa

Juwianti

2023

JPSA

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Backgrounds: Cyanidin and peonidin, anthocyanin compounds, have many in silico, in vitro, and in vivo activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, and antidiabetic. Toxicity testing is carried out to determine the potential hazard that may be produced by the test compound. Objective: This study was aimed to determine the in silico toxicity of anthocyanins (cyanidin and peonidin) using Toxtree v3.1.0 software. Methods: In silico toxicity testing was carried out using 2D structures of cyanidin and peonidin with Cramer rules, Verhaar scheme, Benigni/Bossa rulebase, Kroes TTC decision tree, Eye Irritation/Corrosion and Skin Irritation/Corrosion parameters. Data analysis on the results of the tested toxicity parameters was carried out descriptively. Results: The results showed that the two compounds have the same category for the toxicity parameters of Cramer Rules (class III), Kroes TTC Decision Tree (substance would not be expected to be safety concern), Benigni/Bossa Rulebase (Negatif for genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogenicity), Eye Irritation/Corrosion and Skin Irritation/Corrosion (not irritating or corrosive). Different results are shown in the parameters of the Verhaar Scheme, where cyanidin is included in class 5 (cannot be classified based on this parameter), while peonidin is included in class 1 (narcosis or basic toxicity). Conclusion: Based on in silico toxicity, cyanidin and peonidin have a chemical structure that has the potential for toxicity, but these compounds are neither potentially genotoxic nor non-genotoxic carcinogenicity, and are not potentially toxic to the skin and eyes. The toxicity mechanism of cyanidin cannot be classified based on the test parameters while peonidin is narcosis or basic toxicity.Keywords: Anthocyanin; Cyanidin; Peonidin; Toxicity; In Silico

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“…The assessment of the toxicity of chemicals in in vitro assays is frequently hampered by problems related to solubility, volatility or instability. Assessing toxicity of phenolic compounds is of interest because they are widely used by industry, are present in many trade products and as environmental pollutants (Downs and Wills 2020 ; Kahru et al 2002 ; Zapor 2004 ). Phenols are difficult to handle because of degradation, oxidation (Yamamura 2009 ) and volatility that might result in artifactual results as well in contamination of neighbouring wells (Piersma et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro assessment of the toxicity of volatile, oxidisable, redox-cycling compounds: phenols as an example

et al. 2021

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Phenols are regarded as highly toxic chemicals. Their effects are difficult to study in in vitro systems because of their ambiguous fate (degradation, auto-oxidation and volatility). In the course of in vitro studies of a series of redox-cycling phenols, we found evidences of cross-contamination in several in vitro high-throughput test systems, in particular by trimethylbenzene-1, 4-diol/trimethylhydroquinone (TMHQ) and 2,6-di-tertbutyl-4-ethylphenol (DTBEP), and investigated in detail the physicochemical basis for such phenomenon and how to prevent it. TMHQ has fast degradation kinetics followed by significant diffusion rates of the resulting quinone to adjacent wells, other degradation products being able to air-diffuse as well. DTBEP showed lower degradation kinetics, but a higher diffusion rate. In both cases the in vitro toxicity was underestimated because of a decrease in concentration, in addition to cross-contamination to neighbouring wells. We identified four degradation products for TMHQ and five for DTBEP indicating that the current effects measured on cells are not only attributable to the parent phenolic compound. To overcome these drawbacks, we investigated in detail the physicochemical changes occurring in the course of the incubation and made use of gas-permeable and non-permeable plastic seals to prevent it. Diffusion was greatly prevented by the use of both plastic seals, as revealed by GC–MS analysis. Gas non-permeable plastic seals, reduced to a minimum compounds diffusion as well oxidation and did not affect the biological performance of cultured cells. Hence, no toxicological cross-contamination was observed in neighbouring wells, thus allowing a more reliable in vitro assessment of phenol-induced toxicity.

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Toxicity of Some Phenolic Derivatives—In Vitro Studies

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Cytotoxicity of Resorcinol Under Short- and Long-Term Exposure in Vitro

Cytotoxicity of Resorcinol Under Short- and Long-Term Exposure in Vitro

In Silico Toxicity of Anthocyanin Compounds (Cyanidin and Peonidin)

The in vitro assessment of the toxicity of volatile, oxidisable, redox-cycling compounds: phenols as an example

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