Toxicity of Spirotetramat on Solitary Bee Larvae, Osmia Cornuta (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), in Laboratory Conditions

Sgolastra, Fabio; Tosi, Simone; Mędrzycki, Piotr; Porrini, Claudio; Burgio, Giovanni

doi:10.1515/jas-2015-0024

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This species has not been recorded visiting melon flowers but we decided to work with this species for various reasons. First, it can be easily reared under controlled conditions; second, it has been proposed by the European Food Safety Authority as a test species for risk assessment 68 ; third, a fair amount of information is available on Osmia ecotoxicology 22,27,43,46,69–73 and the available evidence indicates a higher vulnerability to pesticides than in honey bees and bumblebees 20,21,27 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic oral exposure to field-realistic pesticide combinations via pollen and nectar: effects on feeding and thermal performance in a solitary bee

Azpiazu

Bosch

Viñuela

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Pesticide use is one of the main causes of pollinator declines in agricultural ecosystems. Traditionally, most laboratory studies on bee ecotoxicology test acute exposure to single compounds. However, under field conditions, bees are often chronically exposed to a variety of chemicals, with potential synergistic effects. We studied the effects of field-realistic concentrations of three pesticides measured in pollen and nectar of commercial melon fields on the solitary bee Osmia bicornis L. We orally exposed females of this species throughout their life span to 8 treatments combining two neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, imidacloprid) and a triazole fungicide (myclobutanil) via pollen and sugar syrup. We measured pollen and syrup consumption, longevity, ovary maturation and thermogenesis. Pesticide intake was three orders of magnitude higher via syrup than pollen. At the tested concentrations, no synergistic effects emerged, and we found no effects on longevity and ovary maturation. However, all treatments containing imidacloprid resulted in suppressed syrup consumption and drastic decreases in thoracic temperature and bee activity. Our results have important implications for pesticide regulation. If we had measured only lethal effects we would have wrongly concluded that the pesticide combinations containing imidacloprid were safe to O. bicornis. The incorporation of tests specifically intended to detect sublethal effects in bee risk assessment schemes should be an urgent priority. In this way, the effects of pesticide exposure on the dynamics of bee populations in agroecosystems will be better assessed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic oral exposure to field-realistic pesticide combinations via pollen and nectar: effects on feeding and thermal performance in a solitary bee

Azpiazu

Bosch

Viñuela

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…These results have been supported by recent laboratory studies showing evidence that spirotetramat, applied at a field realistic dose, significantly shortened post-emergence longevity in larvae of the solitary bee, Osmia cornuta (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). However, spirotetramat did not exhibit any adverse effects on survival, larval and spinning duration, emergence time, or food/body conversion rate in O. cornuta (Sgolastra et al 2015). Further more accurate, longterm, and wider non-target effect surveys are still needed before drawing a final conclusion on the ecotoxicological profile of this systemic substance.…”

Section: Side Effects On Natural Enemies and Pollinatorsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Vine and citrus mealybug pest control based on synthetic chemicals. A review

Mansour¹,

Belzunces²,

Suma³

et al. 2018

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Synthetic chemicals are extensively used to limit the substantial crop damage induced by two closely related scale insects, the vine mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) and the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Both organisms are economically important pests occurring in vineyards and/or in citrus orchards worldwide. Synthetic chemicals can be either incorporated in pesticides aimed at directly controlling these pests or used as semiochemicals (i.e., sex pheromones) for monitoring, mass trapping, mating disruption, and/or for kairomonal attraction to enhance parasitoid performances. Growing evidence of both an alarming bee decline and destruction of auxiliary fauna driven by pesticides have stimulated an urgent need for in-depth research clarifying the adverse side effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. We have reviewed the current knowledge on mealybug pest control based on insecticides and semiochemicals. We highlight the following major advances: (1) How the active substances of insecticides (four organophosphates, imidacloprid, buprofezin, and spirotetramat) affect target and non-target organisms, (2) in which contexts and how a semiochemical-based strategy could be applied to deal with serious mealybug infestations, and (3) the implications of the appropriate exploitation of these synthetic chemicals for sustainable development. Using selective insecticides with novel modes of action and long-lasting efficacy in combination with eco-friendly semiochemical-based tools is a promising strategy for developing sustainable integrated pest management programs. This would help to maintain biodiversity dynamics and vital ecosystem services, thereby sustaining crop yields.

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“…Less research has been conducted on solitary bees, despite them being both the majority of bee species and more vulnerable to agrochemical exposure than social bees [93][94][95][96]. Experiments that assess the impact of sub-lethal insecticide exposure on solitary bee adults [97][98][99] and larvae [100] have been developed and could be implemented within the regulatory process. Methods that measure the fecundity of commercially available solitary bees (e.g.…”

Section: (A) Mandatory Assessments Of Sub-lethal Effects On Wild Beesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do novel insecticides pose a threat to beneficial insects?

Siviter

Muth

2020

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Systemic insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, are a major contributor towards beneficial insect declines. This has led to bans and restrictions on neonicotinoid use globally, most noticeably in the European Union, where four commonly used neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and thiacloprid) are banned from outside agricultural use. While this might seem like a victory for conservation, restrictions on neonicotinoid use will only benefit insect populations if newly emerging insecticides do not have similar negative impacts on beneficial insects. Flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor are two novel insecticides that have been registered for use globally, including within the European Union. These novel insecticides differ in their chemical class, but share the same mode of action as neonicotinoids, raising the question as to whether they have similar sub-lethal impacts on beneficial insects. Here, we conducted a systematic literature search of the potential sub-lethal impacts of these novel insecticides on beneficial insects, quantifying these effects with a meta-analysis. We demonstrate that both flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor have significant sub-lethal impacts on beneficial insects at field-realistic levels of exposure. These results confirm that bans on neonicotinoid use will only protect beneficial insects if paired with significant changes to the agrochemical regulatory process. A failure to modify the regulatory process will result in a continued decline of beneficial insects and the ecosystem services on which global food production relies.

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Toxicity of Spirotetramat on Solitary Bee Larvae, Osmia Cornuta (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), in Laboratory Conditions

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Chronic oral exposure to field-realistic pesticide combinations via pollen and nectar: effects on feeding and thermal performance in a solitary bee

Chronic oral exposure to field-realistic pesticide combinations via pollen and nectar: effects on feeding and thermal performance in a solitary bee

Vine and citrus mealybug pest control based on synthetic chemicals. A review

Do novel insecticides pose a threat to beneficial insects?

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