Toxicity of the dithiocarbamate fungicide Mancozeb to the nontarget soil nematode,Caenorhabditis elegans

Easton, Anna; Güven, Kemal; Pomerai, David I. de

doi:10.1002/1099-0461(2001)15:1<15::aid-jbt2>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Recently the nematode C. elegans has gained popularity in neurotoxicology testing (Leung et al, 2008; Peterson et al, 2008). While a handful of labs (Easton et al, 2001; Ruan et al, 2009; Saffih-Hdadi et al, 2005; Saha et al, 2009; Svendsen et al, 2010) have examined the gross toxicity of pesticides in C. elegans , to our knowledge no labs have looked in this model system at specific neurodegeneration related to PD following exposure to various herbicides or fungicides.…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Mn/Zn ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate and glyphosate pesticides leads to neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans

Negga¹,

Rudd²,

Davis³

et al. 2011

NeuroToxicology

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Epidemiological evidence suggests positive correlations between pesticide usage and the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD). To further explore this relationship, we used wild type (N2) Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to test the following hypothesis: Exposure to a glyphosate-containing herbicide (TD) and/or a manganese/zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate-containing fungicide (MZ) may lead to neurotoxicity. We exposed N2 worms to varying concentrations of TD or MZ for 30 min (acute) or 24 hours (chronic). To replicate agricultural usage, a third population was exposed to TD (acute) followed by MZ (acute). For acute TD exposure, the LC50 = 8.0% (r2: = 0.6890), while the chronic LC50 = 5.7% (r2 = 0.9433). Acute MZ exposure led to an LC50 = 0.22% (r2 = 0.5093), and chronic LC50 = 0.50% (r2 = 0.9733). The combined treatment for TD + MZ yielded an LC50 = 12.5% (r2 = 0.6367). Further studies in NW1229 worms, a pan-neuronally green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged strain, indicated a statistically significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent reduction in green pixel number in neurons of treated worms following each paradigm. This reduction of pixel number was accompanied by visual neurodegeneration in photomicrographs. For the dual treatment, Bliss analysis suggested synergistic interactions. Taken together, these data suggest neuronal degeneration occurs in C. elegans following treatment with environmentally-relevant concentrations of TD or MZ.

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Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Mn/Zn ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate and glyphosate pesticides leads to neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans

Negga¹,

Rudd²,

Davis³

et al. 2011

NeuroToxicology

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“…One of the most important properties of mancozeb, and a reason of its frequent use, is the low acute toxicity for mammals. However, some publications showed that sublethal concentrations of mancozeb can exert a harmful eVect on nematodes (Easton et al 2001), annelids (Vermeulen et al 2001) and insects (Adamski and Ziemnicki 2004). Such a variety of sensitive invertebrates suggests that even low concentrations may be harmful for mites, too.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-omnia moriantur—toxicity of mancozeb on dead wood microarthropod fauna

et al. 2007

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The effect of Dithane M-45 (dithiocarbamate fungicide; active substance: mancozeb) was studied on microarthropod fauna inhabiting dead wood. Although the exposure was almost never 100% lethal for the majority of observed taxa, almost all (Mesostigmata, Oribatida, some Uropodina, Actinedida, Collembola and Diplopoda) showed very high correlation between concentration of the fungicide and mortality (r > 0.86). Only Stigmaeidae showed low correlation (r = 0.293). For the majority of taxa LC(50 )values were close to the concentrations used during agrochemical activities in woods. Only Trachytes aegrota showed full susceptibility to the fungicide within the range of recommended field concentrations used in forestry (characterised by the low LC(95 )value). Tolerance of mesostigmatid and oribatid mites was found to differ between juveniles and adults, but not consistently. Related Uropodina species varied in susceptibility to the fungicide.

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“…We have previously also found that mancozeb is a much better inducer of hsp-16-regulated reporter expression than maneb in a transgenic nematode strain (Guven et al, 1999;Easton et al, 2001). Easton et al (2001) also indicated that mancozeb itself seemed much more toxic than its metabolic end-products (ethylene thiourea, Mn and Zn), inducing a strong heat shock response in transgenic nematodes. Mancozeb induced a strong heat shock response only after prolonged exposure, indicating a slow rate of fungicide uptake in nematodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Their use has increasingly been associated with genotoxic, teratogenic, and cytotoxic effects (Espigares et al, 1998;Vettorazzi et al, 1995;Guven et al, 1998Guven et al, , 1999. It has also been shown that they have demonstrable adverse effects on several nontarget organisms, including nematodes (Guven et al, 1999;Easton et al, 2001), protozoans (Bonnemain and Dive, 1990), and some soil microbial populations (Pozo et al, 1994), as well as on enzyme biosynthesis in E. coli and Bacillus subtilis (Guven et al, 2003). It has also been found that dithiocarbamates show relatively low toxicity in bacterial growth-inhibition and acetylcholine esteraseinhibition assays (Espigares et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

The effects of organic pesticides on inner membrane permeability in Escherichia coli ML35

et al. 2005

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We have tested whether some pesticides might cause inner membrane leakage in ML35 Escherichia coli cells, which express beta-galactosidase (lacZ; EC 3.2.1.23) constitutively but lack the permease (lacY) required for substrate entry. The activity of beta-galactosidase (indicative of substrate leakage through the inner membrane) was increased by various concentrations of pesticides, including the organometallic fungicides maneb and mancozeb, the insecticide Thiodan, and the herbicide Ally, as well as by antibiotics such as ampicillin, gramicidin D, and the calcium ionophore A23187. The enzyme activity was increased by up to approximately 30% when the E. coli ML35 strain was exposed to various concentrations (between 50 and 250 ppm) of both fungicides. Thiodan had only a slight effect on beta-galactosidase activity (increase of 12.8%), whereas, among the antibiotics, the calcium ionophore at 20 microg/ml caused a significant increase in enzyme activity by up to 61.8%. This effect is similar to that of sodium dodecyl sulfate, used as positive control ( approximately 70% increase). Accumulation of maneb and mancozeb by bacterial cells was also studied taking advantage of their metal content and using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In parallel with the increase in enzyme activity, both fungicides accumulated in the cells as a function of their concentration. Time course experiments (3, 6, and 9 h) of fungicide accumulation and of bacterial growth at various pesticide concentrations were also carried out. Maneb seems to inhibit the bacterial growth better than mancozeb. In addition, maneb uptake increases with time up to 9 h at all tested concentrations, whereas the accumulation of mancozeb is similar at all the exposure times tested. This indicates a different uptake and/or metabolizing strategy by E. coli cells for the two fungicides.

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Toxicity of the dithiocarbamate fungicide Mancozeb to the nontarget soil nematode,Caenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

Exposure to Mn/Zn ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate and glyphosate pesticides leads to neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans

Exposure to Mn/Zn ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate and glyphosate pesticides leads to neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans

Non-omnia moriantur—toxicity of mancozeb on dead wood microarthropod fauna

The effects of organic pesticides on inner membrane permeability in Escherichia coli ML35

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