Toxicity of UV filters on marine bacteria: Combined effects with damaging solar radiation

Abstract

Five organic UV filters were tested for the first time on 27 marine bacteria. • Seven bacteria demonstrated sensitivity against at least one UV filter. • Octinoxate is the most toxic UV filter, affecting 5 out of 7 sensitive species. • The physiological state plays a key role in the bacterial sensitivity to UV-filters. • Solar radiation modulates UV filters toxicity.

Shedding Light on the Bacterial Resistance to Toxic UV Filters: A Comparative Genomic Study

“…Genomes of bacterial species screened for sensitivity 16 were downloaded from NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome). The following strains were selected: Paenibacillus glucanolyticus NBRC 15330, Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581, Halobacillus dabanensis CGMCC 1.3704, Algoriphagus ornithinivorans DSM 15282, and Algoriphagus mannitolivorans DSM 15301.…”

“…Bacteria are an interesting ecotoxicological model as they are easy to handle, constitute a major part of the marine biomass 17 , and support essential function in marine ecosystems 18 . In a former study, marine bacteria from the major phyla, namely Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, were sensitive to UV lters from 200 µg/L 16 . Environmentally relevant bacteria investigated in this study belong to the Bacteroidetes, the most abundant phyla after Proteobacteria in marine environments 19 , and the Firmicutes, widespread symbionts in marine organisms 20,21 .…”

“…Their occurrence was reported in freshwater and marine environments from the surface microlayer 2 , water column 3,4 to sediments [5][6][7] , along with their bioaccumulation and biomagni cation properties 8 . UV lters toxicity was demonstrated on a broad range of organisms [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] , including bacteria 16 , yet UV lters toxicity mechanisms remain unclear. Bacteria are an interesting ecotoxicological model as they are easy to handle, constitute a major part of the marine biomass 17 , and support essential function in marine ecosystems 18 .…”

Effect of sunlight and salinity on the survival of pathogenic and non‐pathogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in water microcosms

“…This phototoxicity, which is considered as a major contributor of bacterial die-off in the marine ecosystem (Lozano et al, 2020;Zaafrane & Maatouk, 2012), is the result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical generated by a natural or an artificial photosynthesizers when they are exposed to sunlight radiations (Imlay, 2019;Zinser, 2018). The ROS action has been recognized as an important factor causing DNA, protein, and lipid alteration and ultimately causes bacteria death (Ezraty et al, 2017;Hong et al, 2019;Matallana-Surget & Wattiez, 2013;McClary & Boehm, 2018).…”

Shedding light on the bacterial resistance to toxic UV filters: a comparative genomic study

“…Their bioaccumulation, biomagnification ( Lozano et al, 2020a ) and their occurrence were reported in freshwater and marine environments from the surface microlayer ( Fagervold et al, 2019 ), water column ( Langford et al, 2015 ; Sánchez Rodríguez, Rodrigo Sanz & Betancort Rodríguez, 2015 ) to sediments ( Apel, Joerss & Ebinghaus, 2018 ; Ramos et al, 2015 ). UV filters toxicity was demonstrated on a broad range of organisms ( Barone et al, 2019 ; Danovaro et al, 2008 ; Downs et al, 2016 ; He et al, 2019 ; Seoane et al, 2017 ; Stien et al, 2021 ; Ziarrusta et al, 2018 ), including bacteria ( Lozano et al, 2020b ), yet UV filters toxicity mechanisms remain unclear. Bacteria are an interesting ecotoxicological model as they are easy to handle, constitute a major part of the marine biomass ( Bar-On, Phillips & Milo, 2018 ), and support essential function in marine ecosystems ( Yilmaz et al, 2016 ).…”