Toxicity of δ‐phenothrin and resmethrin to non‐target insects

Antwi, Frank B.; Peterson, Robert K. D.

doi:10.1002/ps.1688

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Pyrethroid pesticides have been widely used in crops, including vegetables and fruit trees, because of their high toxicities to insects and low toxicities to mammals (Ross et al 2006). However, pyrethroid pesticides are extremely toxic to the aquatic environment, and a concentration of as little as 10.0 ng l -1 is enough to eradicate all of the invertebrate life in entire rivers and lakes (Antwi and Peterson 2009). Furthermore, some of the pyrethroid pesticides have been classified as potential human carcinogens by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cometabolic biotransformation of fenpropathrin by Clostridium species strain ZP3

et al. 2010

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A novel bacterial strain capable of degrading the pyrethroid pesticide fenpropathrin was isolated from mixed wastewater and sludge samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed that the organism belongs to the genus Clostridium. The organism can co-metabolically transform fenpropathrin at 100 mg l(-1) at 35°C and pH 7.5 in 12 days. Metabolic products of fenpropathrin from strain ZP3 were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and the results showed that the organism degraded fenpropathrin with an oxidization process to yield benzyl alcohol, benzenemethanol, 3,5-dimethylamphetamine. Analyses of cell-free extracts from this strain showed that the optimal degrading conditions for degrading fenpropathrin were 35°C and pH 7.5, and degradation efficiency was 20.0 mg l(-1) day(-1), and it might be potential using for rapid treating fenpropathrin, for example, on the surface of fruits and vegetables.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cometabolic biotransformation of fenpropathrin by Clostridium species strain ZP3

et al. 2010

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“…Acute and chronic risks to ecological receptors from ULV insecticides used for mosquito management most likely are low. Phenothrin has a milder toxicological profile compared to other pyrethroids, and that is why phenothrin is being used more widely to manage adult mosquitoes (Antwi and Peterson 2009;Nagy et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the chemicals could be more efficiently applied, less adulticides would be used and the pesticide runoff and leaching would be reduced. The importance of proper selection of spray application methods and spray solution is being increasingly recognized in mosquito management (Antwi and Peterson 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention and efficacy of ultra-low volume pesticide applications on Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Zhang

Dorr

Hewitt

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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To combat mosquitoes and the public health hazards they present, spraying chemical adulticides is an efficient and timely control method for immediate reduction of adult populations. With the growing consciousness of environmental and public health concerns, effective mosquito control means not only maximizing the effectiveness (in terms of mosquito mortality rates) of the pesticide application, but also minimizing the unintended effects (health hazard and environmental pollution). A series of experiments was carried out to assess the efficacy and deposition of ultra-low volume (ULV) sprays on adult mosquitoes which included the influence of chemical type, spray volume, spray concentration, droplet size, and deposit location (where the droplets land on the mosquito). A modified Potter Tower was used to apply an extremely fine spray (volume median diameter ∼20 μm) on caged adult mosquitoes (Culex quinquefasciatus). Reslin (50 g/L bioresmethrin) was diluted in either water or D-C-Tron plus spray oil (782 g/L paraffinic petroleum oil), Twilight (89 g/L phenothrin) was diluted in D-C-Tron, and the mosquito mortality was assessed 24 h after spraying. A fluorescent tracer was added to the spray mixture to determine the amount of spray on mosquitoes. A fluorescent microscope was also used to view the deposit of droplets on mosquitoes. It was found that droplet retention and mortality were reduced with the larger droplet sizes. Large water-based droplets tend to bounce off adult mosquitoes. There is a tendency for droplets approximately 20 μm in size to be retained on the fine hairs on the mosquito. The largest spray deposit was found on the adult mosquito wings and the lowest deposit on the head. Mortality was higher for formulations diluted with oil compared to those diluted with water. ULV applications with ultra-fine sprays (VMD 20 μm) and oil-based products resulted in maximum target efficacy under laboratory conditions, at minimum cost, and with the minimum amount of chemical adulticides.

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“…They are important predators of aphids and other soft-bodied life stages of insect pests (Evans 2009;Hodek and Honěk 2009;Obrycki et al 2009). Lady beetles have also been used as an indicator species for testing of non-target effects of pesticides (Stark et al 2007;Antwi and Peterson 2009;James 2003). For example, toxicity assays focusing on the native lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata, were influential in the safety assessment of genetically modified Bt corn (Duan et al 2002;Lundgren and Wiedenmann 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintended effects of the herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba on lady beetles

Freydier

Lundgren

2016

Ecotoxicology

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Weed resistance to glyphosate and development of new GM crops tolerant to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and dicamba is expected to lead to increased use of these herbicides in cropland. The lady beetle, Coleomegilla maculata is an important beneficial insect in cropland that is commonly used as an indicator species in safety evaluations of pesticides. Here, we examined the lethal and non-lethal effects of 2,4-D and dicamba active ingredients and commercial formulations to this lady beetle species, and tested for synergistic effects of the herbicides. Second instars of lady beetles were exposed to an experimental treatment, and their mortality, development, weight, sex ratio, fecundity, and mobility was evaluated. Using similar methods, a dose-response study was conducted on 2,4-D with and without dicamba. The commercial formulation of 2,4-D was highly lethal to lady beetle larvae; the LC90 of this herbicide was 13 % of the label rate. In this case, the "inactive" ingredients were a key driver of the toxicity. Dicamba active ingredient significantly increased lady beetle mortality and reduced their body weight. The commercial formulations of both herbicides reduced the proportion of males in the lady beetle population. The herbicides when used together did not act synergistically in their toxicity toward lady beetles versus when the chemistries were used independently. Our work shows that herbicide formulations can cause both lethal and sublethal effects on non-target, beneficial insects, and these effects are sometimes driven by the "inactive" ingredients. The field-level implications of shifts in weed management practices on insect management programs should receive further attention.

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Toxicity of δ‐phenothrin and resmethrin to non‐target insects

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Cometabolic biotransformation of fenpropathrin by Clostridium species strain ZP3

Cometabolic biotransformation of fenpropathrin by Clostridium species strain ZP3

Retention and efficacy of ultra-low volume pesticide applications on Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Unintended effects of the herbicides 2,4-D and dicamba on lady beetles

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