Toxicity, silver accumulation and metallothionein induction in freshwater rainbow trout during exposure to different silver salts

Högstrand, Christer; Gálvez, Fernando; Wood, Chris M.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620150713

Cited by 172 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…'lOPo seems to bind with ferritin, Metallothioneins have received their designation from their extremely high metal and sulfur content. These proteins are present throughout the animal kingdom including fish, and are most abundant in the liver, kidney, pancreas and intestines (Kagi & Schaffer 1988, Duquesne & Richard 1995, Hogstrand et al 1996. The role of metallothioneins in protecting aquatic species against the toxic effects of water-borne metal pollutants has been extensively investigated (George 1989, Gagne et al 1990, Kille et al 1992, Olsson & Kille 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

210Po binding to metallothioneins and ferritin in the liver of teleost marine fish

Durand¹,

Carvalho²,

Goudard³

et al. 1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The subcellular distribution of the naturally occurring radionuclide "' PO was investigated in the Liver of the Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus. The majority of the 2'0Po was found in the cytosol of the liver cells. Fractionation of the cytosol proteins by high performance size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography indicated that about 30% of 210Po was bound to ferritin and approximately 28% to metallothioneins. The affinity of 210Po for these proteins was confirmed by a similar binding of the artificial Z08Po isotope incubated in vitro with the cytosolic proteins. Two other proteins, likely selenium-and zinc-containing enzymes, may also bind smaller amounts of 210Po, about 8 % each. The extensive binding of 'lOPo to ferritin and metallothioneins is not accompanied by a similar strong binding of 21uPb, the radioactive grandparent of "OPo, which explains the generally very high 210Po:210Pb ratio observed in fish tissues and, in particular, fish liver KEY WORDS: Polonium. Fish. Metallothionein. Ferritin INTRODUCTIONPolonium-210, a high energy D-particle emitter in the uranium decay chain, is the major source of internal radiation dose to marine organisms (Cherry & Heyraud 1982, Carvalho 1988. This naturally occurring radionuclide is also responsible for a significant proportion of the radiation exposure of humans to background radiation, in particular, through consumption of seafood (Parfenov 1974, Hunt & Allington 1993, Yamamoto et al. 1994, Carvalho 1995a. 210Po is naturally occurring and ubiquitous in our environment, but, due to its radiotoxic properties, special attention has been paid to the possible enhancement of 210Po environmental concentrations which may occur from the inputs of effluents of phosphate-ore processing industries (Germain et al. 1992, Pennders et al. 1992, Carvalho 1995b, Swift et al. 1995.It is well known that 210Po is accumulated particularly by marine organisms and transferred through 'E-mail: jpdurandmnat svt sciences.univ-nantes.fr marine food chains (Heyraud & Cherry 1979, Carvalho 19881, with ingestion being the major route of entry (Carvalho & Fowler 1994). The tissues of some organisms, such as the hepatopancreas of crustaceans and fish liver may contain particularly high concentrations of 210Po. Furthermore, they display 210Po:2'0Pb ratios of 10' to 103 (Carvalho 1988), which correspond to an enhanced ratio in the food chain compared to the 210Po:210Pb ratio in sea water, which is around unity (Heyraud & Cherry 1979). The reason for an elevated 210Po:210Pb ratio in marine food chains is not known. Furthermore, several studies have suggested that the subcellular localization of 2'0Po, in particular in the cell nucleus, may have important implications with respect to the genetic radiotoxic effects of the 210Po U particles (Howell et al. 1990).Some attempts have been made previously to establish the subcellular localization of 2'0Po in tissues of marine invertebrates and small mammals. The aim of this study was to investigate the subcellular distribution of 210Po a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

210Po binding to metallothioneins and ferritin in the liver of teleost marine fish

Durand¹,

Carvalho²,

Goudard³

et al. 1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…However, there is concern that point discharges of silver from municipal wastewater treatment plants (POTWs) may produce acute and/or chronic toxic responses in aquatic organisms in the receiving streams [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal, partitioning, and fate of silver and other metals in wastewater treatment plants and effluent‐receiving streams

Shafer

Overdier

Armstong

1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

172

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Abstract-We investigated the removal of silver in five publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) and the fate of Ag in effluent receiving streams. Comparisons were made to several other metals. Silver was removed efficiently (Ͼ94%) in all POTWs. The percentage of total Ag removed was independent of the influent Ag concentration, while the concentration of Ag in effluents was directly related to influent concentration. A good correlation (r 2 ϭ 0.77) between metal removal (%) and partition coefficient (K d ) indicated that differences among metals in removal efficiency were controlled mainly by metal partitioning (sorption) to particles removed by settling and/or filtration. A large fraction (19-53%) of Ag in the filterable (Ͻ1.0-m) fraction of POTW effluents was associated with submicron particles or colloids (Ͼ0.05 m), and the percentage filterable Ag was directly related to DOC concentration (r 2 ϭ 0.96). Effluent Ag concentrations (0.06-2.6 g/L) were several orders of magnitude higher that typical ''background'' stream levels (1-2 ng/L), but Ag discharged to streams was rapidly dissipated by dilution and incorporation into stream sediments.

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“…The silver concentration in liver was higher than those in gills for the three types of water and both silver forms. Increase in Ag accumulated in the liver for both forms suggests that the liver is a key organ for Ag accumulation [28] even when Ag is in a nanoparticulate form. However, we were not able to determine the form of Ag in the gills and liver in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Ag + (as AgNO 3 ) is recognized as a high toxic silver species to aquatic organism with a lethal concentration 50% for rainbow trout of 9.1 µg/L after 168h [28]. In our study, we exposed fish to a sublethal concentration of Ag + that correspond to the potentially released Ag + fraction (2%) from AgNPs.…”

Section: Filtration and Ultrafiltrationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fate and Immunotoxic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Rainbow Trout in Natural Waters

P¹

2015

J Nanomed Nanotechnol

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This study investigates the fate and the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Juveniles were exposed to 50 µg/L of AgNPs 20 nm and 1 µg/L of dissolved silver Ag + (as AgNO 3 ) in three types of water differing in conductivity, pH and organic matter: green water (Saint-Lawrence River), brown water (Ottawa River), and UV-treated and dechlorinated tap water. After a 96 h exposure, chemical analyses were performed on both water samples and fish tissues (liver and gills) and a suite of immune and hepatic biomarkers were also performed on fish. Results demonstrated that brown water with high organic carbon values (7 mg/L), promoted the formation of small AgNP aggregates that were bioaccumulated in fish gills and liver. In fish exposed to AgNPs, immunostimulation and hepatic oxidative stress were observed in pronephros and liver respectively. Dissolved Ag + in brown water was associated to small colloids, promoted silver bioavailability and induced leucocytes immunostimulation. The higher alkalinity and conductivity of green water promoted morphological AgNPs transformations. Although, AgNPs neither induced immune nor hepatic damages, AgNO 3 induced leucocyte stimulation and a hepatic pro-inflammatory response. Ag from AgNPs and AgNO 3 was bioaccumulated in gills, and liver without hepatic injury (oxidative stress). AgNO 3 induced immunosuppression and oxidative stress in pronephros. This study shows that water parameters influence the fate, bioavailability and the toxicity AgNPs and dissolved Ag + in fish. Brown water showed more harmful effects with AgNPs than tap and green waters.

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Toxicity, silver accumulation and metallothionein induction in freshwater rainbow trout during exposure to different silver salts

Cited by 172 publications

References 33 publications

210Po binding to metallothioneins and ferritin in the liver of teleost marine fish

210Po binding to metallothioneins and ferritin in the liver of teleost marine fish

Removal, partitioning, and fate of silver and other metals in wastewater treatment plants and effluent‐receiving streams

Fate and Immunotoxic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Rainbow Trout in Natural Waters

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