Toxicity studies on dermal application of plant extract of <i>Dodonaea viscosa</i> used in Ethiopian traditional medicine

Teshome, Kefale; Gebre‐Mariam, Tsige; Asres, Kaleab; Engidawork, Ephrem

doi:10.1002/ptr.2869

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This confirms the assertion that the extract would have only a negligible irritation potential [36,37]. Similar results have been reported on the skin irritation test of an 80% methanol extract of the leaf of Dodonaea viscose in rabbits where the primary irritation index was 0.45 [35]. The fact that neither erythema nor edema persisted in the guinea pigs could lend support to the fact that this plant extract is safe at the indicated dose.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The low level of erythema observed quickly decreased after the opening of the occlusion. This can be attributed to the occlusion effect of the extract; a phenomenon known to boost phase I or the vascular event of an inflammatory response [35]. Occurrence of phase II or the cellular event of the inflammatory process was not evident in our study since there were no observable changes in the skin morphology of the guinea pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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In vitro and in vivo antidermatophytic activity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1 v/v) extract from the stem bark of Polyscias fulva Hiern (Araliaceae)

Njateng

Gatsing

Mouokeu

et al. 2013

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundDuring the last decades, the number of people suffering from dermatophytoses has seriously increased, mainly due to the development of resistant strains of microorganisms to a range of formally efficient antibiotics. Polyscias fulva, a medium size tree which grows in the West Region of Cameroon is traditionally used for local application against dermatoses and orally against venereal infections. The dichloromethane-methanol (1:1 v/v) extract from the stem bark of Polyscias fulva was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities.MethodsThe plant extract was prepared by maceration of its stem bark powder in CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1 v/v). The extract obtained was successively partitioned in hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Phytochemical screening was performed using standard methods. In vitro antidermatophytic activity was assayed by the well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The degree of dermal irritation of the crude extract was determined in guinea pigs using the occluded dermal irritation test method. The in vivo antidermatophytic activity of the extract-oil formulation (1.25, 2.5 and 5% w/w concentrations) was evaluated using Trichophyton mentagrophytes-induced dermatophytosis in a guinea pigs model.ResultsPhytochemical screening indicated that, the crude extract, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and residue fractions contain in general saponins, tannins, alkaloids, anthraquinones and phenols while the hexane fraction contains only alkaloids. The ethyl-acetate, n-butanol and residue fractions displayed higher antifungal activities (MIC = 0.125-0.5 mg.mL-1) against eight dermatophytes as compared to the crude extract (MIC = 0.5-1 mg.mL-1). This latter appeared to have slight perceptible erythema effects on guinea pigs as the primary irritation index (PII) was calculated to be 0.54. In vivo, the antidermatophytic activities of the extract-oil formulations were dose-dependent. Griseofulvin-oil 5% at 0.01 g/kg and formulated extract-oil (5%) at 0.1 g/kg eradicated the microbial infection after thirteen and fourteen days of daily treatment respectively.ConclusionsThe results of preclinical in vitro and in vivo evaluations indicate that the extract-oil formulation at 5% may constitute an alternative means to alleviate fungal infections caused by dermatophytes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

In vitro and in vivo antidermatophytic activity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1 v/v) extract from the stem bark of Polyscias fulva Hiern (Araliaceae)

Njateng

Gatsing

Mouokeu

et al. 2013

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…According to Auletta [26] changes in the body weight and organ weight of the animal are indications of the presence of toxicity [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Profiling of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Clinacanthus Nutans in Male and Female Icr Mice

Abdulwahid

Goh

Ebrahimi

et al. 2018

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: This study aims to investigate the sub-acute oral toxicity of a methanolic leaf extract of Clinacanthus nutans (MECN) in male and female mice.Methods: The study used three groups of male and female mice, the crude MECN was dissolved in distilled water and administered orally in single doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight for 28 d by gavage, at a dosing volume of 10 ml/kg body weight, while the control group received only the distilled water. Mice were weighed weekly for the duration of the study period. After the treatment period, the blood samples were collected and examined for hematology changes, total red blood cell (RBC) and total white blood cell (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and plasma protein concentration. The serum was analyzed for liver and kidney function test. The degree of injury of the liver and kidney tissue was histopathologically assessed and scored under the light microscopy. one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Turkey’s test was used to analyze the difference (p<0.05) of means across treatment groups.Results: There were no significant (p>0.05) changes in the body weight, hematological, biochemical and histology signs of toxicity for both male and female mice, except for the sodium level which was decreased in the mice treated with 2000 mg/kg of MECN (137±5.06) as compared to the 1000 (151±1.91) mg/kg as well as the control males (152±3.74) [F=4.87, p=0.03].Conclusion: This study showed that MECN at dosages up to 2000 mg/kg is safe to be used in mice regardless of their sex. Overall, this study suggests the potential utility of MECN in the development of herbal drug formulations in vivo.

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“…The extracellular polymeric matrix may restrict the penetration of antifungal drugs rendering treatment ineffective. Since the safety of this plant has been established [32, 33], use of this plant extract in conjunction with an antifungal drug would be ideal as the extracellular polymeric material would be absent and the few C. albicans cells still present will have unrestricted exposure to the antifungal drug. Use of traditional medicine with conventional medicine as an additional therapeutic agent has been found to have a synergistic effect with low MIC values [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dodonaea viscosavar.angustifoliaInhibits Germ Tube and Biofilm Formation byC. albicans

Naicker

Patel

2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The virulence factors of Candida albicans are germ tube and biofilm formation, adherence to host tissues, and production of hydrolytic enzymes. This study investigated the effect of Dodonaea viscosa var. angustifolia extract on the germ tube and biofilm formation of C. albicans. Serum containing the three subinhibitory concentrations of leaf extract was inoculated with C. albicans, incubated, and viewed under a light microscope. Number of cells with germ tube was recorded and the results were analysed using Scheffe test for pairwise comparison. Biofilms were grown on coverslips in the presence of plant extracts and processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Planktonic cells were grown in the presence of plant extract for 6 h and processed for electron microscopy (TEM). The crude plant extract significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the germ tube formation of C. albicans at 3.125 (85.36%), 1.56 (61.91%), and 0.78 mg/mL (26.27%) showing a concentration dependent effect. SEM results showed concentration dependent reduction in biofilm and hyphae formation. TEM results showed that the plant extract caused damage to the cell wall and cell membrane. DVA extract has ability to reduce virulence of C. albicans by inhibiting germ tube and biofilm formation through damage to the cell wall. Therefore, it has therapeutic potential.

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Toxicity studies on dermal application of plant extract of Dodonaea viscosa used in Ethiopian traditional medicine

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

In vitro and in vivo antidermatophytic activity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1 v/v) extract from the stem bark of Polyscias fulva Hiern (Araliaceae)

In vitro and in vivo antidermatophytic activity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1 v/v) extract from the stem bark of Polyscias fulva Hiern (Araliaceae)

Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity Profiling of the Methanolic Leaf Extract of Clinacanthus Nutans in Male and Female Icr Mice

Dodonaea viscosavar.angustifoliaInhibits Germ Tube and Biofilm Formation byC. albicans

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