Toxicity study of Lauha Bhasma (calcined iron) in albino rats

Joshi, Namrata; Dash, Manoj Kumar; Dwivedi, Laxmikant; Khilnani, GD

doi:10.4103/0257-7941.179870

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Such toxicity testing is relevant to risk analysis as changes in the hematological system have higher predictive value for human toxicity, when data are translated from animal studies [35]. It can also be used to justify blood relating functions of plant extract [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological, antioxidant and protective performance of Usnea longissima on chemical induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals

Verma¹,

Paswan²,

Raj³

et al. 2017

JCLM

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological, antioxidant and protective performance of Usnea longissima on chemical induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals

Verma¹,

Paswan²,

Raj³

et al. 2017

JCLM

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“…Subacutely, it was safe at 5TD dose levels. However, alteration in some of the biochemical and hematological parameters along with histopathological findings were evident at the 10 TD [ 93 ]. In subacute toxicity studies, rats were given a Ayurvedic polyherbal medicine Arogyavardhini Vati at doses of 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg (1, 5 and 10 times of clinical dose) or HgCl 2 (1 mg/kg) for 28 days.…”

Section: Chemical Forms Of Metals Are a Major Determinant To Theirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Compositions of Metals in Bhasmas and Tibetan Zuotai Are a Major Determinant of Their Therapeutic Effects and Toxicity

Liu

Zhang

Velagapudi

et al. 2019

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Minerals are alchemically processed as Bhasmas in Ayurvedic medicines or as Zuotai in Tibetan medicines. Ayurveda is a knowledge system of longevity and considers the mineral elixir made from “nature” capable of giving humans perpetual life. Herbo-metallic preparations have a long history in the treatment of various diseases in India, China, and around the world. Their disposition, pharmacology, efficacy, and safety require scientific evaluation. This review discusses the Bhasmas in Ayurvedic medicines and Zuotai in Tibetan medicines for their occurrence, bioaccessibility, therapeutic use, pharmacology, toxicity, and research perspectives. A literature search on Mineral, Bhasma, Ayurvedic medicine, Zuotai, Tibetan medicine, and Metals/metalloids from PubMed, Google and other sources was carried out, and the relevant papers on their traditional use, pharmacology, and toxicity were selected and analyzed. Minerals are processed to form Bhasma or Zuotai to alter their physiochemical properties distinguishing them from environmental metals. The metals found in Ayurveda are mainly from the intentional addition in the form of Bhasma or Zuotai. Bhasma and Zuotai are often used in combination with other herbals and/or animal-based products as mixtures. The advanced technologies are now utilized to characterize herbo-metallic preparations as Quality Assurance/Quality Control. The bioaccessibility, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of herbo-metallic preparations are different from environmental metals. The pharmacological basis of Bhasma in Ayurveda and Zuotai in Tibetan medicines and their interactions with drugs require scientific research. Although the toxic potentials of Bhasma and Zuotai differ from environmental metals, the metal poisoning case reports, especially lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) from inappropriate use of traditional medicines, are increasing, and pharmacovigilance is desired. In risk assessment, chemical forms of metals in Bhasma and Zuotai should be considered for their disposition, efficacy, and toxicity.

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“…Low total protein level is suggestive of kidney disorder or disorder where protein is not absorbed or digested properly. The total protein was found to be increased significantly in the test groups A, B, C and satellite when compared to plain control 22 and the total bilirubin was found to be increased significantly in the test groups B and satellite in comparison to plain control when the repeated dose of KKHMFM was administered. (Table 5) The elevation of both the parameters (liver and kidney) is due to the toxic effect of KKHMFM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…This is the chief indicator of renal and hepatic integrity. Elevated serum urea level may be due to pre renal, renal or post-renal etiology 22 . Creatinine was also found to be significantly increased in the test groups B (P<0.001), C and satellite (P<0.01).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research article Toxicity Studies on Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (calcined iron rust) prepared by Classical and Muffle Furnace Methods

Ahmad

Wadud²,

Jahan³

et al. 2021

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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Background: Though a number of studies has been carried out in terms of safety of Kushta but concerns have been raised about the presence of heavy metals in Unani formulations. Classical method of preparation of KKH and other Kushta preparation in Unani system of medicine has been found to eliminate all such issues from the end product. Hence; the present study was designed to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity study of KKH prepared by Classical and Muffle furnace methods. Objective: To ascertain the safety profile of Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (KKH) prepared by classical and muffle furnace methods. Materials and methods: Both of the samples of KKH i.e. Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (KKHCM) and Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (KKHMFM) prepared by Classical and Muffle Furnace Methods respectively were evaluated for acute and sub-acute toxicity by OECD guidelines 423 and 407 respectively. The starting dose in the acute test was 50 mg/kg and in sub-acute test, it was 134mg, 200 mg and 400 mg/kg b.w. Effect of both of the test samples were assessed for ponderal changes, food and water intake, relative organs weights, hematological, biochemical and histopathological features of various organs. Results: Both of the samples did not produce any sign of toxicity in acute toxicity study up to the dose level of 2000mg/kg b.w. In sub-acute toxicity study no mortality in any of the test groups was observed. KKHCM at different doses showed a slight decrease in food intake in all the test groups but significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the test group B as compared to plain control. Conclusion: KKHMFM was found to be relatively toxic than KKHCM at different dose levels. The study demonstrated that both the Classical and Muffle furnace methods of preparation of Kushta are useful for preparing KKH and also safe at the dose prescribed in Unani literature. However, the Kushta prepared by the classical method was found to be safer than the muffle furnace method.

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Toxicity study of Lauha Bhasma (calcined iron) in albino rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Hematological, antioxidant and protective performance of Usnea longissima on chemical induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals

Hematological, antioxidant and protective performance of Usnea longissima on chemical induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals

Chemical Compositions of Metals in Bhasmas and Tibetan Zuotai Are a Major Determinant of Their Therapeutic Effects and Toxicity

Research article Toxicity Studies on Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (calcined iron rust) prepared by Classical and Muffle Furnace Methods

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