Toxicity Study of the Volatile Constituents of <i>Myoga</i> Utilizing Acute Dermal Irritation Assays and the Guinea‐Pig Maximization Test

Wei, Qingjun; Harada, Koichi; Ohmori, Shoko; Minamoto, Keiko; Wei, Chang-Nian; Ueda, Atsushi

doi:10.1539/joh.48.480

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The present study characterized the liver injury associated with delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions induced by TCE in the GPMT model, a model for type IV allergy 18,19) . TCE induced immune-mediated hepatic injury in the animals showing allergic contact dermatitis, as well as acute toxic liver injury due to direct toxic action of TCE induced by a single intradermal injection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Liver Injury Associated with Hypersensitive Skin Reactions Induced by Trichloroethylene in the Guinea Pig Maximization Test

Tang

Que²,

Song³

et al. 2008

Journal of Occupational Health

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Characterization of Liver Injury Associated with Hypersensitive Skin ReactionsInduced by Trichloroethylene in the Guinea Pig Maximization Test: Xiaojiang TANG, et al. Guangdong Poison Control Center, ChinaTrichloroethylene (TCE) can induce non-dose-related hepatitis, possibly classified as delayed-type hypersensitivity (immune-mediated hepatitis), as well as dose-related toxic liver injury. However, the difference in pathophysiology between the two kinds of hepatitis remains unknown. This study aimed to characterize the liver injury associated with hypersensitive skin reactions induced by TCE in guinea pigs. As a model of dose-related acute toxic liver injury, the animals were treated with intradermal injection (ii) (0, 167, 500, 1500 or 4500 mg/kg of TCE) or dermal patch (dp) (0 or 900 mg/kg of TCE). The guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) was also carried out as a model of immune-mediated liver injury, in which the total TCE dosage was below 340 mg/kg. In the group of TCE 4500 mg/kg (ii), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased (p<0.01), while total protein and globulin decreased (p<0.05). Evident fatty degeneration, hepatic sinusoid dilation and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed. No significant change was found in animals treated with TCE of doses below 500 mg/kg (ii) or 900 mg/kg (dp). In the GPMT, sensitization rates of TCE-induced dermal allergy were 66%. ALT, AST, lactate dehydrogenase and the relative liver weight increased significantly ( p<0.05) while albumin, IgA and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase decreased significantly (p<0.05).Lesions of ballooning changes were observed in liver pathology. Thus, TCE could cause both acute-type toxic liver injury and immune-mediated liver injury, the so-called delayed-type hypersensitivity at doses below the dosage for toxic liver injury. Interestingly, the histopathological features were quite different: fatty degeneration was most prominent in the former, and ballooning in the latter. (J Occup Health 2008; 50: 114-121)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Liver Injury Associated with Hypersensitive Skin Reactions Induced by Trichloroethylene in the Guinea Pig Maximization Test

Tang

Que²,

Song³

et al. 2008

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…High monoterpene concentrations of several to several tens ppmv were observed in these sites. When harvesting a fragrant plant, Myoga (Zingiber mioga), in field agriculture, high concentrations of α -and β -pinene and limonene were reported to cause eye and skin irritations 22) . Compared with these reports, the herb greenhouses showed low monoterpene concentrations of several ppbv.…”

Section: Estimated Effects Of Monoterpenes In Greenhouses On Workersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Workplace Concentrations and Exposure Assessment of Monoterpenes in Rosemary‐ and Lavender‐growing Greenhouses

Tani

Nozoe

2012

Journal of Occupational Health

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Workplace Concentrations and Exposure Assessment of Monoterpenes in Rosemary‐ and Lavender‐growing Greenhouses: Akira TANI, et al. Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka— Objectives Monoterpenes can positively or negatively affect human health depending on their concentrations. To assess the atmospheric risk for greenhouse workers, monoterpene concentrations and personal exposure in herb‐growing greenhouses were measured. Methods Monoterpene concentrations in a commercial greenhouse, where rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) were grown in pots, were measured every 4 hours on 11 days spread across a year. In a small experimental greenhouse, typical horticultural tasks were conducted to determine the factors increasing monoterpene concentrations. Results Concentrations of α‐pinene, camphene, β‐pinene, limonene and cineole in the farmer's greenhouse were higher in winter than in summer because of longer ventilation periods of the greenhouse in summer. Further, the concentrations of these compounds were high (but <2 parts per billion in volume [ppbv]) when horticultural tasks were conducted inside the greenhouse. In a small experimental greenhouse, moving pots and cutting shoots increased ambient monoterpene concentrations to 10 ppbv. Spraying water also increased monoterpene concentrations but to a lesser extent. When performing tasks, greenhouse workers were exposed to monoterpene concentrations 2−3 times higher than the concentration in the ambient greenhouse air. Conclusions Our measurement results reveal that monoterpene emissions are stimulated by horticultural tasks, even by spraying water. Our calculation result suggests that if ventilation is limited, the concentrations can reach levels high enough to cause sensory irritation in greenhouse workers. Greenhouse workers should be cautious when performing tasks for hours in tightly closed herb‐growing greenhouses.

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“…Both a-pinene and~-pinene failed to induce positive responses in the GPMT, but 100% of myoga juice had shown the mild reaction in the GPMT performed previously (5). As the concentration of myoga juice in the LLNA, 50% was thought to be sufficient to provoke allerginicity from the view point of the reaction observed in the previous study (5). The allerginicity on myoga juice at concentrations of 50%, however, increased gradually according to its concentration in the LLNA (Table III).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Volatile constituents of fresh myoga flowers are supposed to be the causative materials of contact dermatitis. Volatile constituents, such as a-pinene, p-pinene, and limonene, were detected in myoga juice by gas chromatography (GC) in our previous study (5) . We failed to identify limonene oxide by GC, but limonene oxide, an auto-oxidized constituent form of limonene, is also recognized as a constituent of myoga.…”

Section: Myoga (Zingiber Myogamentioning

confidence: 88%

“…We detected allergenicity using the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) (7), and found that myoga juice, limonene, and limonene oxide were positive (5). We also detected the allergenicity of a-metylene-y-butyrolactone (a-MBL), a constituent of alstroemeria commonly known as Peruvian Lily or Lily of the Incas, which was shown to be the causative agent provoking delayed-type contact dermatitis using GPMT (8)(9) .…”

Section: Myoga (Zingiber Myogamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Allergenicity of Constituents of Myoga Using the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay

Wei

Harada

et al. 2010

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Myoga (Zingiber Myoga Roscoe) is a perennial plant with a pungent smell from its flower buds. It is native to East Asia and has been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis. The purpose of this study is to assess the allergenicity of myoga related to its major chemical components, «-pinene, p-pinene, limonene, llmonene oxide and p-phellandrene, which are supposed to be the causative agents of contact dermatitis among myoga cultivators. We performed a toxicity study of the volatile constituents of myoga using the local lymph node assay (LLNA), in which llmonene, limonene oxide and p-phellandrene had positive responses and the EC3 was 35.8%, 8.22%, and 0.54%, respectively. EC3 for both «-pinene and p-pinene was over 100%. Both chemicals failed to induce positive responses in the LLNA. While the maximization rating of limonene, llmonene oxide and phellandrene were evaluated as moderate, extreme, and extreme respectively, u-plnene and p-pinene were evaluated as weak in the previously reported GPMT. The usage ofLLNA was also confirmed by comparing with previously reported GPMT results to detect the allergenicity of myoga constituents. The actual risk of humans developing an allergy to myoga constituents depends on many factors. The concentration ofthe compounds, the frequency and duration of exposure and the condition of the skin are supposed to be important factors. Myoga (Zingiber Myoga Roscoe) is a perennial plant with a pungent smell of its flower buds and is of East Asian origin (1), belonging to the ginger family (Zingiberacea). The Japanese have long eaten the flower buds as a spice or pickle. The technology for cultivating myoga in greenhouses was established in the 1990s, enabling the flower buds to be supplied to markets all year round. Myoga greenhouses have increased in some areas in Japan, while hand dermatitis suspected to be due to the allergenicity to myoga has been recognized among myoga greenhouse cultivators.Minamoto et al. first reported a case study of contact dermatitis from myoga (2-3), before which contact dermatitis from myoga was unknown (4). According to our earlier investigation of myoga cultivators in Japan, 8 of 35 cultivators experienced contact dermatitis during the harvest season (2-3).

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Toxicity Study of the Volatile Constituents of Myoga Utilizing Acute Dermal Irritation Assays and the Guinea‐Pig Maximization Test

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Characterization of Liver Injury Associated with Hypersensitive Skin Reactions Induced by Trichloroethylene in the Guinea Pig Maximization Test

Characterization of Liver Injury Associated with Hypersensitive Skin Reactions Induced by Trichloroethylene in the Guinea Pig Maximization Test

Workplace Concentrations and Exposure Assessment of Monoterpenes in Rosemary‐ and Lavender‐growing Greenhouses

Evaluation of Allergenicity of Constituents of Myoga Using the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay

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