Toxicity testing of “eco-friendly” de-icing formulations using Chironomus dilutus

Nutile, Samuel A.; Solan, Megan E.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.033

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In the toxicity studies conducted by Richardi et al, 2018 andLavarías et al, 2017 for C. sancticaroli and C. calligraphus exposed to phenanthrene and cypermethrin, respectively, the authors detected histopathologies in the intestine, fat body, Malpighian tubules, and salivary glands in response to the effect of the contaminants. These results allow inferring that C. the potential use of this species for future ecotoxicological studies, keeping in mind that larvae of the genus Chironomus have been widely used in environmental studies and toxicity assays Cavallaro, Morrissey, Headley, Peru, & Liber, 2017;Crane et al, 2002;Ha & Choi, 2008;Monteiro, Lemos, Novais, Soares, & Pestana, 2019;Nutile & Solan, 2019). The morphology of the different systems and organs of C columbiensis agree with the descriptions carried out by (Jarial & Engstrom, 1997;Lavarías et al, 2017;Miall & Hammond, 1900;Pierson, 1956;Richardi et al, 2015;Seidman, Bergtrom, & Remsen, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…These results allow inferring that C. columbiensis could also show target organs of contamination and can bioaccumulate xenobiotic substances in several organs as proof of the different levels of contamination in freshwater bodies. Consequently, the study of the internal morphology of C. columbiensis larvae contributes to the potential use of this species for future ecotoxicological studies, keeping in mind that larvae of the genus Chironomus have been widely used in environmental studies and toxicity assays (Callaghan et al, ; Cavallaro, Morrissey, Headley, Peru, & Liber, ; Crane et al, ; Ha & Choi, ; Monteiro, Lemos, Novais, Soares, & Pestana, ; Nutile & Solan, ). The morphology of the different systems and organs of C columbiensis agree with the descriptions carried out by (Jarial & Engstrom, ; Lavarías et al, ; Miall & Hammond, ; Pierson, ; Richardi et al, ; Seidman, Bergtrom, & Remsen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histological description of immature Chironomus columbiensis (Diptera: Chironomidae): A potential contribution to environmental monitoring

Campeón‐Morales

Richardi

Rivera‐Páez

2019

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Chironomids have been widely used in environmental monitoring and toxicity assays. Assessment criteria for chironomids range from the molecular‐biochemical level to the population level. However, the use of markers to evaluate cellular and anatomical changes in organs and systems of individuals under contaminant exposure is still incipient. In this study, we conducted a histological description of the main systems and organs of immature Chironomus columbiensis. We used fourth instar larvae, obtained from a standardized culture, and confirmed this state through morphological and molecular methods. Larvae were fixed in Duboscq solution for insects during 48 hr, dehydrated in increasing dilutions of ethanol, and embedded and mounted in historesin to obtain 3 μm sections. The digestive, nervous, excretory, and integumentary systems and the fat body and testicles were analyzed through longitudinal and transversal sections, stained with hematoxylin–eosin (HE), and further photographed and described through light microscopy. This is the first description of internal morphology performed for C. columbiensis and can help in future histopathological analysis, because through bioaccumulation some of these organs are contaminant targets. It can even be a great taxonomic tool, since the characteristics of the histological pattern of C. columbiensis presented differences compared to other descriptions made in chironomids.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological description of immature Chironomus columbiensis (Diptera: Chironomidae): A potential contribution to environmental monitoring

Campeón‐Morales

Richardi

Rivera‐Páez

2019

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…tend to exhibit lower sensitivity than traditional ecotoxicological indicator species (e.g., Hyalella spp., freshwater mussels) (Supplemental Figure S1). While the predominant cause of toxicity is associated with the presence of chloride ions in solution, some studies have demonstrated that toxicity can be dependent upon the cation constituent of the de‐icing salt (Hintz and Relyea 2017), as well as confounding abiotic and ecological complications associated with traditional and alternative de‐icing formulations (Schuler et al 2017; Nutile and Solan 2019). Given that chloride salts have relatively nonspecific modes of action compared to other anthropogenic sources of contamination, it is no surprise that road salt contamination can lead to ecosystem‐level impacts.…”

Section: The Road Salt Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, the marketing of “eco‐friendly” de‐icing formulations is almost entirely at the discretion of manufacturers. Hypothetically, an “eco‐friendly” formulation could consist entirely of Cl salts or other chemicals that are potentially more toxic in aquatic environments (e.g., urea) (Schuler et al 2017; Nutile and Solan 2019). The ability to label products as “eco‐friendly” without justifying such claims could potentially erode consumer confidence in green marketing.…”

Section: The Path Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the Information Gap Between Science and Society: A Solution to Nonpoint Source Contamination?

Nutile

Simpson

Solan

2020

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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The dissemination of information associated with scientific achievement serves to advance research and guide future experimentation. In the sphere of environmental science, such advancements aim to better characterize harmful chemicals and the factors that influence in situ toxicity, which is central to the protection of the environments upon which humans depend. While some information regarding the dangers associated with common anthropogenic contaminants reaches wider audiences, the nuance of this information is often lost, potentially leading to ineffective solutions, specifically as it relates to nonpoint source contamination. Bridging the divide between scientific research, regulatory implementation, and product innovation is imperative in order to find meaningful and lasting environmental solutions. Road de‐icing salts are applied to impervious surfaces to protect human health and maintain the efficient transportation of goods by roadways during winter months. The toxicity of these salts in freshwater ecosystems is well understood and researched within the scientific community. Tentative regulations and solutions developed to mitigate the environmental damage caused by road de‐icing salts, however, perfectly represent the disconnect between the scientific community and the general public. Here, we use road de‐icing salt as an example of how such a disconnect can manifest in the form of ineffective solutions and regulatory standards, and we present a general framework by which environmental scientists can more effectively bridge the gap between the scientific community and society at large. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:415–420. © 2020 SETAC

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“…In megalopolises, a range of negative anthropogenic factors promotes the accumulation of pollutants in the soil. De-icing agents are among the most environmentally hazardous (Yakubov and Nikolayevskiy, 2001;Coldsnow et al, 2017;Nutile and Solan, 2019). De-icing agents are chemical reagents applied to prevent ice and snow deposits on the roads and increase human safety for those traveling during dangerous winter conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Salinity and Toxicity of Soil Contaminated with De-icing Agents during Growing Season

Gerasimov¹,

Chugunova²,

Polyak³

2021

EREM

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De-icing agents (ice and snow control materials) are applied to prevent ice and snow deposits on the roads in winter period. The extensive use of de-icing agents in countries with cold climate creates problems for the environment. In this study, the dynamics of de-icing salt concentrations in sod-podzolic soil was revealed in laboratory and field experiments. Twelve de-icing agents of different chemical groups (chlorides, acetates and formates) were studied. Under laboratory conditions, application of high doses of chloride reagents led to an increase of salt concentration in soil up to a level of slightly saline soils. Contaminated soils had salt levels high enough to be toxic to plants and soil microorganisms. However, under field conditions, soil salinity eventually decreased due to salt washout by atmospheric precipitation. By the end of the growing season, salt concentration corresponded to a background level. The decrease in salt concentration was accompanied by a decrease in soil toxicity. Acetate and formate de-icing agents demonstrated the least environmental effect. Our results suggest that magnesium chloride was the least harmful among the de-icers of chloride group while the most commonly used road de-icing salt sodium chloride was the most persistent and toxic to terrestrial plants and soil microbiota.

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Toxicity testing of “eco-friendly” de-icing formulations using Chironomus dilutus

Cited by 20 publications

References 39 publications

Histological description of immature Chironomus columbiensis (Diptera: Chironomidae): A potential contribution to environmental monitoring

Histological description of immature Chironomus columbiensis (Diptera: Chironomidae): A potential contribution to environmental monitoring

Bridging the Information Gap Between Science and Society: A Solution to Nonpoint Source Contamination?

Changes in Salinity and Toxicity of Soil Contaminated with De-icing Agents during Growing Season

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