Toxicokinetics and biological monitoring in experimental exposure of humans to gaseous hexahydrophthalic anhydride.

Exposure to hexahydrophthalic and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydrides - dose-response for sensitization and airway effects

“…A limitation of the ones used by us is their fairly rapid turnover (18). Hence, day-to-day variations in exposure may have caused a misclassification.…”

Biological monitoring of methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride by determination of methylhexahydrophthalic acid in urine and plasma from exposed workers

“…It has been shown that hexahydrophthalic acid (HHP acid) is the main metabolite of hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) and may be used as a biomarker for HHPA exposure (JoÈ nsson et al 1991(JoÈ nsson et al , 1993JoÈ nsson and Skerfving 1993). Since MHHPA and HHPA are chemically similar it is reasonable to assume that MHHP acid may also be used as a biomarker for exposure to MHHPA.…”

Exposure-response relationships for hexahydrophthalic and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydrides with total plasma protein adducts as biomarkers

“…In this study of two low-molecular-weight chemicals, the levels causing sensitization were three orders of magnitude higher. However, it has been reported that the majority of inhaled OAA are hydrolyzed to the corresponding acids, which are rapidly excreted through urine (17), and that probably less than 1% binds to proteins. Thus these low-molecular-weight chemicals seem to be allergens that are nearly as potent as naturally occurring proteins.…”