Toxicokinetics and metabolism of deoxynivalenol in animals and humans

Sun, Yu; Jiang, Jun; Mu, Peiqiang; Lin, Ruqin; Wen, Jikai; Deng, Yiqun

doi:10.1007/s00204-022-03337-8

Cited by 63 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 96 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…DON has been especially known to be harmful to pigs; the reason for this is the high bioavailability, glucuronidation metabolism for excretion, lack of detoxification gut microorganisms, and long clearance time [38][39][40]. After the ingestion of DON, it may be rapidly absorbed and accumulate in the small intestinal tract, leading to antifeeding, vomiting, necrosis of the digestive tract, and a decrease in reproductive performance [41,42]. DON exposure causes diverse effects in various body systems, such as the gastrointestinal, neuroendocrine, and reproductive systems, intestinal toxicity, and results in growth impairment and immune dysfunction [36,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyroptosis-Mediated Damage Mechanism by Deoxynivalenol in Porcine Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Kang

Shin

Park

et al. 2023

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is known as a vomitoxin, which frequently contaminates feedstuffs, such as corn, wheat, and barley. Intake of DON-contaminated feed has been known to cause undesirable effects, including diarrhea, emesis, reduced feed intake, nutrient malabsorption, weight loss, and delay in growth, in livestock. However, the molecular mechanism of DON-induced damage of the intestinal epithelium requires further investigation. Treatment with DON triggered ROS in IPEC-J2 cells and increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). To investigate the activation of the inflammasome, we confirmed the mRNA and protein expression levels of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1 (CASP-1). Moreover, we confirmed that caspase mediates the mature form of interleukin-18, and the cleaved form of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) was increased. Based on these results, our study suggests that DON can induce damage through oxidative stress and pyroptosis in the epithelial cells of the porcine small intestine via NLRP3 inflammasome.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyroptosis-Mediated Damage Mechanism by Deoxynivalenol in Porcine Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Kang

Shin

Park

et al. 2023

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The toxicokinetics (TK) of DON in poultry and horses has been summarised by EFSA (EFSA CONTAM Panel, 2017a); a recent review by Sun et al. ( 2022 ) covers several species excluding horses. In poultry, DON is rapidly absorbed being characterised by low oral bioavailability (5–20%), wide distribution in most tissues and rapid clearance from the body.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of deoxynivalenol for horses and poultry

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2023

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 2017, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed. No observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) and lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) were derived for different animal species. For horses, an NOAEL of 36 mg DON/kg feed was established, the highest concentration tested and not showing adverse effects. For poultry, an NOAEL of 5 mg DON/kg feed for broiler chickens and laying hens, and an NOAEL of 7 mg DON/kg feed for ducks and turkeys was derived. The European Commission requested EFSA to review the information regarding the toxicity of DON for horses and poultry and to revise, if necessary, the established reference points (RPs). Adverse effect levels of 1.9 and 1.7 mg DON/kg feed for, respectively, broiler chickens and turkeys were derived from reassessment of existing studies and newly available literature, showing that DON causes effects on the intestines, in particular the jejunum, with a decreased villus height but also histological damage. An RP for adverse animal health effects of 0.6 mg/kg feed for broiler chickens and turkeys, respectively, was established. For horses, an adverse effect level of 5.6 mg DON/kg feed was established from studies showing reduced feed intake, with an RP for adverse animal health effects of 3.5 mg/kg feed. For ducks and laying hens, RPs remain unchanged. Based on mean and P95 (UB) exposure estimates performed in the previous Opinion, the risk of adverse health effects of feeds containing DON was considered a potential concern for broiler chickens and turkeys. For horses, the risk for adverse health effects from feed containing DON is low.

show abstract

“…Since aflatoxin concentrations of the compliant samples in the present study were not available from authorized laboratory reports, comprehensive aflatoxin risk management advice cannot be provided at present. In the future, a focus on deoxynivalenol (DON) assessment should be developed, being the most widespread mycotoxin in food and feed specially in cereals and their products, and since humans are sensitive to its exposure according to a recent review [ 36 ]. DON is usually co-occurred with related molecules such as Culmorin which has been identified as emerging mycotoxin, or with its metabolites including its masked versions [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%