Toxicological and thermoregulatory effects of feather contamination with artificially weathered MC 252 oil in western sandpipers ( Calidris mauri )

Maggini, Ivan; Kennedy, Lisa V.; Bursian, Steven J.; Dean, Karen; Gerson, Alexander R.; Harr, Kendal E.; Link, Jane E.; Pritsos, Chris A.; Pritsos, Karen L.; Guglielmo, Christopher G.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.025

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…2017; Maggini et al. 2017). Following large oil spills, avian population damage estimates are based on beach and aerial surveys of visibly oiled birds, which are categorized by the percentage of plumage affected (trace, <5%; light, 6–20%; moderate, 21–40%; heavy, >40%) (DHNRDAT 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 150 species of birds use the coastal and estuarine habitats of the northern Gulf of Mexico, including seasonal inhabitants that use the area as breeding grounds and migratory birds that replenish energy stores before proceeding to northern breeding grounds (Henkel et al 2012;Ford et al 2014). The richness of bird species and the potential for exposure to crude oil to cause adverse outcomes meant avian damage estimates were critical in determining the ecological harm caused by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (Bursian et al 2017;Maggini et al 2017). Following large oil spills, avian population damage estimates are based on beach and aerial surveys of visibly oiled birds, which are categorized by the percentage of plumage affected (trace, <5%; light, 6-20%; moderate, 21-40%; heavy, >40%) (DHNRDAT 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of sublethal application of Deepwater Horizon oil to bird eggs on embryonic heart and metabolic rate

Goodchild

Grisham

Belden

et al. 2020

Conservation Biology

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Following large crude oil spills, oil from feathers of brooding birds and oiled nesting material can transfer to eggs, resulting in reduced embryonic viability for heavily oiled eggs. Eggs may also be subjected to trace or light oiling, but functional teratogenic effects from sublethal crude oil exposure have not been examined. We assessed whether sublethal application of weathered Deepwater Horizon crude oil to the eggshell surface alters heart rate and metabolic rate in Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) embryos. We first determined sublethal applications with a dosing experiment. Embryo viability for eggs exposed to 5 μL or more of crude oil decreased significantly. We conducted a second experiment to measure heart rate and metabolic rate (CO 2 production) 5 and 9 d after 1 sublethal application of crude oil to eggshells on day 3 of incubation. One application of 1.0 or 2.5 µL of crude oil reduced embryonic heart rate and metabolic rate on day 12 of incubation. Using unfertilized eggs, we measured the transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the eggshell surface to egg contents 9 d after a single application of sublethal crude oil. Our results suggest avian eggs externally exposed to small amounts of crude oil may exhibit protracted embryonic development and impaired postnatal cardiac performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sublethal application of Deepwater Horizon oil to bird eggs on embryonic heart and metabolic rate

Goodchild

Grisham

Belden

et al. 2020

Conservation Biology

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“…We cannot completely exclude that oil ingested through preening between the two treatment flights might have caused additional energy costs. In fact, in a study of toxic effects of similarly oiled sandpipers, we found some effects of external oiling on liver and kidney function, but not on metabolic rates (Maggini et al, 2017a). It is unclear how such effects might have added to the mechanical effect of oil in affecting flight energetics, but the effects observed in the first oiled flight and the difference in kinematics in the second oiled flight indicate that the predominant effect was mechanical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Light oiling of feathers increases flight energy expenditure in a migratory shorebird

Maggini

Kennedy

Macmillan

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Flying birds depend on their feathers to undertake most activities, and maintain them in peak condition through periodic molt and frequent preening. Even small exposures to crude oil reduce the integrity of feathers, and could impair flight performance. We trained wild western sandpipers () to perform endurance flights in a wind tunnel, and used magnetic resonance body composition analysis to measure energy expenditure after birds were exposed to weathered MC252 crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The cost of transport was 0.26±0.04 kJ km in controls, and increased by 22% when the trailing edges of the wing and tail were oiled (<20% of body surface; considered light oiling). Additional crude oil on breast and back feathers (∼30% total surface; moderate oiling) increased the cost of transport by 45% above controls. Oiling tended to decrease flight control, and only half of moderately oiled birds completed the flight test. We then flew birds at a range of speeds to estimate basic kinematic parameters. At low speeds, light and moderately oiled birds had larger wingbeat amplitudes than controls, while moderately oiled birds showed greater wingbeat frequencies across all speeds, and a shift in optimal flight speed towards higher wind speeds. We suggest these changes reflect poorer lift production and increased drag on the wings and body. Oiling will increase the difficulty and energy costs of locomotion for daily and seasonal activities such as foraging, predator evasion, territory defense, courtship, chick provisioning, commuting and long-distance migration. These sub-lethal effects must be considered in oil spill impact assessments.

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“…The energetic costs of migratory flights may be extremely high particularly for small migratory birds such as the western sandpiper that breed in the Arctic and overwinter in coastal habitats of North, Central and South America (Morrison et al 1993;Nebel et al 2002). In sandpipers with artificially weathered DWH oil applied to their feathers, Maggini et al (2017a; found that light and moderate oil exposure increased metabolic cost of flight up to 22% and 45% respectively compared to control birds. Flight control decreased which would result in elevated duration of migration and might alter reproductive failure and mortality rates.…”

Section: Fishmentioning

confidence: 95%

A review of the toxicology of oil in vertebrates: what we have learned following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Takeshita

Bursian

Colegrove

et al. 2021

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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In the wake of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, a number of government agencies, academic institutions, consultants, and nonprofit organizations conducted lab-and field-based research to understand the toxic effects of the oil. Lab testing was performed with a variety of fish, birds, turtles, and vertebrate cell lines (as well as invertebrates); field biologists conducted observations on fish, birds, turtles, and marine mammals; and epidemiologists carried out observational studies in humans. Eight years after the spill, scientists and resource managers held a workshop to summarize the similarities and differences in the effects of DWH oil on vertebrate taxa and to identify remaining gaps in our understanding of oil toxicity in wildlife and humans, building upon the cross-taxonomic synthesis initiated during the Natural Resource Damage Assessment. Across the studies, consistency was found in the types of toxic response observed in the different organisms. Impairment of stress responses and adrenal gland function, cardiotoxicity, immune system dysfunction, disruption of blood cells and their function, effects on locomotion, and oxidative damage were observed across taxa. This consistency suggests conservation in the mechanisms of action and disease pathogenesis. From a toxicological perspective, a logical progression of impacts was noted: from molecular and cellular effects that manifest as organ dysfunction, to systemic effects that compromise fitness, growth, reproductive potential, and survival. From a clinical perspective, adverse health effects from DWH oil spill exposure formed a suite of signs/symptomatic responses that at the highest doses/concentrations resulted in multi-organ system failure.

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Toxicological and thermoregulatory effects of feather contamination with artificially weathered MC 252 oil in western sandpipers ( Calidris mauri )

Cited by 16 publications

References 60 publications

Effects of sublethal application of Deepwater Horizon oil to bird eggs on embryonic heart and metabolic rate

Effects of sublethal application of Deepwater Horizon oil to bird eggs on embryonic heart and metabolic rate

Light oiling of feathers increases flight energy expenditure in a migratory shorebird

A review of the toxicology of oil in vertebrates: what we have learned following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

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