Toxicological assessment of <i>Euglena gracilis</i> strain Eu029 shows no adverse effects in vivo and in vitro

Symonds, Jennifer M; Beauchamp, Nicole; Takeuchi, Takuto; Yamada, Koji; Atsuji, Kohei; Abe, Yuta; Suzuki, Kengo; Krüger, Caroline

doi:10.1177/2397847318761672

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…E. gracilis ATCC PTA-123017 was determined to have an NOAEL of 50,000 ppm (3318 and 3961 mg/kg/day for males and females, respectively) and E. gracilis eu029 had an NOAEL of 1000 mg/kg/day. 19,20 The safety assessment described in this report supports the safe consumption of E. gracilis biomass as a source of protein, fats, and carbohydrates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Safety assessment of Euglena gracilis ATCC 12894 whole cell biomass

Symonds¹,

Zhang²,

Noble³

et al. 2019

Toxicology Research and Application

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A safety assessment of the dried whole cell biomass of Euglena gracilis ATCC 12894 was performed by the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay, an in vitro micronucleus assay, and a 90-day repeat oral toxicity study in Wistar rats. E. gracilis ATCC 12894 whole cell biomass has no added excipients and contains 33.8% protein, 28.8% -glucans, 19.8% fat, 7.1% ash, and 2.8% moisture. The bacterial reverse mutation assay found no evidence of mutagenicity after exposure to E. gracilis ATCC 12894 whole cell biomass, with or without metabolic activity, at levels up to 1581 mg/plate, the limit dose for the assay. Similarly, no evidence of genotoxicity was observed in the micronucleus assay, with or without metabolic activation, up to 320 mg/mL, the limit dose for the assay. The subchronic toxicity study was performed with the following test article dose groups: 0 (control), 1250, 2500, and 5000 mg/kg/day, administered to male and female Wistar rats via oral gavage for 90 days. No test article-related mortalities or adverse events were reported during the study. Histopathological examination revealed some vacuolation in the livers of males in the 5000 mg/kg/day group. This finding was considered adaptive, due to the approximately 20% fat content of whole cell biomass, and was therefore test articlerelated, but not adverse. No such findings were reported in female rats in the study. The results of the subchronic toxicity study describe a no observed adverse effect level of at least 5000 mg/kg/day.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Safety assessment of Euglena gracilis ATCC 12894 whole cell biomass

Symonds¹,

Zhang²,

Noble³

et al. 2019

Toxicology Research and Application

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A wide variety of incapacitating symptoms are possible including nausea, vomiting, pneumonia, hepatic failure, dermatitis, blisters, and kidney pathologies [ 39 , 40 , 54 ]. Fortunately, Spirulina and Chlorella are widely understood to be free of these harmful toxins and rendered “Generally Recognized as Safe” by the FDA [ 25 , 55 ]. Euglena strains have also demonstrated safety, passing acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, and teratogenic studies [ 55 ].…”

Section: Habitat Alsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, Spirulina and Chlorella are widely understood to be free of these harmful toxins and rendered “Generally Recognized as Safe” by the FDA [ 25 , 55 ]. Euglena strains have also demonstrated safety, passing acute toxicity, subchronic toxicity, and teratogenic studies [ 55 ]. High concentrations of Vitamin A in Spirulina, while still an essential molecule, have introduced limits to the amount able to be consumed in a day [ 25 ].…”

Section: Habitat Alsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biologically-Based and Physiochemical Life Support and In Situ Resource Utilization for Exploration of the Solar System—Reviewing the Current State and Defining Future Development Needs

Keller

Porter

Goli

et al. 2021

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The future of long-duration spaceflight missions will place our vehicles and crew outside of the comfort of low-Earth orbit. Luxuries of quick resupply and frequent crew changes will not be available. Future missions will have to be adapted to low resource environments and be suited to use resources at their destinations to complete the latter parts of the mission. This includes the production of food, oxygen, and return fuel for human flight. In this chapter, we performed a review of the current literature, and offer a vision for the implementation of cyanobacteria-based bio-regenerative life support systems and in situ resource utilization during long duration expeditions, using the Moon and Mars for examples. Much work has been done to understand the nutritional benefits of cyanobacteria and their ability to survive in extreme environments like what is expected on other celestial objects. Fuel production is still in its infancy, but cyanobacterial production of methane is a promising front. In this chapter, we put forth a vision of a three-stage reactor system for regolith processing, nutritional and atmospheric production, and biofuel production as well as diving into what that system will look like during flight and a discussion on containment considerations.

show abstract

“…Due to their unique movement characteristics, euglenoids are extensively used to investigate taxis movements and signal transduction in microorganisms (Streb et al, 2002). Moreover, biotechnological applications of these organisms have gained recent scientific attention, particularly, the bioactive secondary metabolites (Kottuparambil, 2020; and the use of biomass as a food supplement due to its high nutritional and health benefits (Symonds et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Euglenoid Flagellates in Ecotoxicological Research: Progress and Perspectives

Kottuparambil¹

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Euglenoids are a common component of primary producers in high acidic and organic shallow freshwater systems. They are free-living photosynthetic motile flagellates exhibiting rapid responses to various external stimuli including chemical pollution. The unique combination of diverse physiological processes of Euglena such as photosynthesis, movement, and orientation offers a range of sensitive criteria that respond to aquatic pollutants. This has led to the development of several acute and chronic assay methods to monitor the adverse impacts of potent toxicants in aquatic ecosystems. Euglenoids also reflect the consequences of physical stress factors such as UV radiation. This review summarizes the ecotoxicity studies using euglenoid flagellates as model species and their potential to contribute toward rapid screening of ecological impacts of pollution in the aquatic environment. Factors determining the reliability of Euglena tests are outlined.

show abstract

Toxicological assessment of Euglena gracilis strain Eu029 shows no adverse effects in vivo and in vitro

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Safety assessment of Euglena gracilis ATCC 12894 whole cell biomass

Safety assessment of Euglena gracilis ATCC 12894 whole cell biomass

Biologically-Based and Physiochemical Life Support and In Situ Resource Utilization for Exploration of the Solar System—Reviewing the Current State and Defining Future Development Needs

Euglenoid Flagellates in Ecotoxicological Research: Progress and Perspectives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About