Toxicological assessment of Phormidium sp. derived copper oxide nanoparticles for its biomedical and environmental applications

Abstract

Driven by the need to biosynthesized alternate biomedical agents to prevent and treat infection, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) have surfaced as a promising avenue. Cyanobacteria-derived synthesis of CuONPs is of substantive interest as it offers an eco-friendly, cost-effective, and biocompatible route. In the present study biosynthesized CuONPs were characterized and investigated regarding their toxicity. Morphological analysis using TEM, SEM and AFM showed the spherical particle size of 20.7 nm with 96% copper that confirmed the purity of CuONPs. Biogenic CuONPs with IC50 value of 64.6 µg ml−1 showed 90% scavenging of free radicals in superoxide radical scavenging assay. CuONPs showed enhanced anti-inflammatory activity by 86% of protein denaturation with IC50 value of 89.9 µg ml−1. Biogenic CuONPs exhibited significant toxicity against bacterial strains with lowest MIC value of 62.5 µg ml−1 for B. cereus and fungal strain with a MIC value of 125 µg ml−1 for C. albicans. In addition CuONPs demonstrated a high degree of synergistic interaction when combined with standard drugs. CuONPs exhibited significant cytotoxicity against non-small cell lung cancer with an IC50 value of 100.8 µg ml−1 for A549 and 88.3 µg ml−1 for the H1299 cell line with apoptotic activities. Furthermore, biogenic CuONPs was evaluated for their photocatalytic degradation potential against methylene blue dye and were able to removed 94% dye in 90 min. Free radical scavenging analysis suggested that CuONPs assisted dye degradation was mainly induced by hydroxide radicals. Biogenic CuONPs appears as an eco-friendly and cost effective photocatalyst for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with synthetic dyes that poses threat to aquatic biota and human health. The present study highlighted the blend of biomedical and photocatalytic potential of Phormidium derived CuONPs as an attractive approach for future applications in nanomedicine and bioremediation.

Copper Oxide Nanoparticles suppress the liver and kidney function and decrease antioxidant defense in adult male rats after acute oral administration

“…Furthermore, It is postulated that there is an advanced link between the oxidative stress, genotoxicity and apoptosis (Shafagh et al, 2015). In addition, Asif et al (2023) reported the potential antioxidant activity of CuO NPs by 2, 2′ -azino-bis 3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2′-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (SOR) scavenging assays. Subsequently, the hepatocytes developed many adverse biological processes as cleavage of caspase-3, DNA fragmentation, breakdown of the cytoskeletal and nuclear protein, and formation of the granzymes (Martinvalet et al, 2005).…”

<i>Drosophila melanogaster </i>as a Bioindicator in Comparative Copper and Lead Toxicology: Exploring the Health Implications of Heavy Metal Exposure

“…The proliferation inhibition index >IC50 was considered the maximum toxicity level of the metal taken in the study [89,90].…”

Biogenic copper oxide nanomaterials development, characterization, antibacterial potential, antioxidant activity and in vitro toxicity estimation

“…At all concentrations, it was found that ascorbic acid and CfBio-CuONPs had signi cantly varying scavenging activities (p < 0.001). According to the studies of other professionals, copper oxide nanoparticles have a comparable pattern of antioxidant activity against DPPH (Dolati et al 2023;Asif et al 2023) In vitro toxicity assessment of CfBio-CuONPs…”