Toxicological Effects of Steam-Sterilized High Lactose Diets on Conventional and Gnotobiotic Rats

Bleyl, D. W. R.; Schulze, Joachim; Grütte, F.-K.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67729-8_100

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…An association between the occurrence of nephrocalcinosis and pathological changes in the adrenal glands was also reported by Bleyl et al (1980). However, in this experiment the changes in the adrenals were described as 'hypertrophy of the zona glomerulosa', the medulla apparently remaining intact.…”

Section: Possible Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Enzootic and Epizootic Adrenal Medullary Proliferative Disease of Rats: Influence of Dietary Factors which Affect Calcium Absorption

Roe¹,

Bär

1985

Human Toxicology

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Adrenal medullary hyperplasia and neoplasia occur both enzootically and epizootically in untreated laboratory rats. The lesions are typically chromaffin-negative and are found incidentally in animals that have died from unrelated causes or have been killed at the end of long-term toxicity/ carcinogenicity tests. Urinary excretion of catecholamines is not usually increased. Environmental, particularly dietary, factors are seemingly much more important than genetic ones as determinants of the incidence of proliferative lesions. Recent observations of enhancement of adrenal medullary proliferative disease in rats by the feeding, in high dietary concentration, of certain polyols (sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, lactitol), or of lactose, suggested that increased absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract may be a risk factor. This evidence is reported and discussed in the light of other evidence linking disturbed calcium homeostasis with adrenal medullary function in the rat. In man, adrenal medullary proliferative disease is relatively rare and there is no evidence of any relation between the hypercalcaemia associated with hyperparathyroidism and increased risk of phaeochromocytoma. Adrenal medullary proliferative disease in rats is usually seen against a background of multiple endocrine neoplasia, with the pituitary gland, the pancreatic islets and the thyroid C-cells being most commonly affected in addition to the adrenal medulla. A parallel between this situation and Sipple's disease in humans has previously been suggested. We now stress the possible importance of three factors as determinants of enzootic and epizootic adrenal medullary proliferative disease in rats: excessive food intake, excessive dietary levels of calcium and phosphate and excessive intake of other food components, such as vitamin D and poorly absorbable carbohydrates, which predispose to increased calcium absorption.

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Section: Possible Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Enzootic and Epizootic Adrenal Medullary Proliferative Disease of Rats: Influence of Dietary Factors which Affect Calcium Absorption

Roe¹,

Bär

1985

Human Toxicology

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“…Free lysine is even more reactive because it has two free amino groups. Early Maillard reaction derivatives of lysine include N-(1-deoxy-D-fructosyl) lysine and N-(1-deoxy-D-lactulosyl) lysine (Finot and Mauron, 1972), compounds that are deaminated only by intestinal microbiota (Bleyl et al, 1980). Because destruction of lysine is often 5 to 15 times greater than that occurring with other amino acids (e.g., methionine, cystine, tryptophan, and leucine), changes in its bioavailability indicate both the occurrence and intensity of the Maillard reaction (Adrian, 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pelleting and storage of a complex nursery pig diet on lysine bioavailability.

Mavromichalis

Baker

2000

Journal of Animal Science

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The effects of pelleting and storage of a complex nursery pig diet (28% lactose and 1.4% lysine) on lysine bioavailability were assessed in a chick bioassay. The nursery diet was steam-conditioned at 60 degrees C for 45 s and then pelleted through a 5-mm die with a depth of 38 mm. Samples of meal and pelleted diet were placed in metallic feeders in an occupied nursery facility for 1 wk (warm) or were stored at 4 degrees C (cool). For the standard-curve bioassay, a total of 144 8-d-old chicks were offered the following dietary treatments: 1 to 3) a basal diet (lysine deficient) and two levels (.08 and .16%) of added lysine (from L-lysine-HCl); 4 and 5) two positive controls (.7% added lysine with or without 10% of the nursery diet); and 6 to 9) basal diet plus 10% of one of the four nursery diet samples (meal or pellet stored cool or warm for 1 wk). Pelleting had no effect (P>.10) on lysine bioavailability, probably because pelleting conditions (temperature, humidity, and pellet size) were not aggressive enough to result in detectable effects on lysine utilization. However, storage in the nursery facility for 1 wk reduced (P<.03) lysine bioavailability by an average of 10%. No significant (P>.10) interactions were observed. Furthermore, true digestibility of lysine in the four pig diet samples was estimated in a cecectomized cockerel digestibility assay using 15 adult Single-Comb White Leghorn cockerels. Lysine digestibility in all samples was high (average of 94%) and was not affected (P>.10) by treatment. We conclude that the pelleting conditions used in our experiments did not decrease lysine utilization. More research is needed to define thermal processing conditions that might cause protein quality deterioration. However, typical warm and humid environmental conditions encountered in modern nursery facilities have a negative effect on protein quality of diets rich in reducing sugars and lysine.

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Toxicological study of radiosterilized medicinal preparations

1983

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Toxicological Effects of Steam-Sterilized High Lactose Diets on Conventional and Gnotobiotic Rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Enzootic and Epizootic Adrenal Medullary Proliferative Disease of Rats: Influence of Dietary Factors which Affect Calcium Absorption

Enzootic and Epizootic Adrenal Medullary Proliferative Disease of Rats: Influence of Dietary Factors which Affect Calcium Absorption

Effects of pelleting and storage of a complex nursery pig diet on lysine bioavailability.

Toxicological study of radiosterilized medicinal preparations

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