Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 1: Overview of technical concepts and summary of findings

Patskan, G.; Reininghaus, Wolf

doi:10.1002/jat.923

Cited by 60 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…950°C for the 1R4F to ca. 600°C for the EHC (Patskan and Reininghaus, 2003) qualitatively and quantitatively alters the smoke composition (Fig. 3B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 2: Chemical composition of mainstream smoke

Stabbert

Voncken

Rustemeier

et al. 2003

J of Applied Toxicology

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The chemical composition of mainstream smoke from an electrically heated cigarette (EHC) and that of mainstream smoke from the University of Kentucky Reference Cigarette 1R4F was analyzed. In contrast to the 1R4F, which is a conventional, lit-end cigarette, the EHC is smoked in a microprocessor-controlled lighter with electrical heater elements. The electrical heating causes the tobacco under the heater element to burn at a low temperature during each puff. A comprehensive list of chemical constituents was analyzed in mainstream smoke. The list is a combination of those compounds suggested for analysis in cigarette smoke by a US Consumer Product Safety Commission proposal in 1993, and those cigarette smoke constituents identified by the International Agency on Research on Cancer as being present in cigarette smoke and characterized as carcinogens. The low pyrolysis/combustion temperature of tobacco in the EHC causes distinct shifts in the composition of the smoke compared with a conventional cigarette. A significant drop was seen in the yields of almost all toxicologically relevant constituents. On a per cigarette basis almost two-thirds of the constituents were reduced by at least 80%, whereas on an equal total particulate matter basis about two-thirds of the constituents were reduced by at least 50%, with many constituents reduced by more than 90%.

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“…950°C for the 1R4F to ca. 600°C for the EHC (Patskan and Reininghaus, 2003) qualitatively and quantitatively alters the smoke composition (Fig. 3B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 2: Chemical composition of mainstream smoke

Stabbert

Voncken

Rustemeier

et al. 2003

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…A promising approach to decrease such risk is the reduction of the concentrations of combustion-derived constituents in CS without modifying the amount of delivered nicotine. Heating rather than combusting tobacco has been shown to substantially reduce the amounts of constituents in CS (Patskan and Reininghaus, 2003). In a 28-day rat inhalation model, we previously showed that exposure to aerosol from a carbon-heated tobacco product significantly reduces its effects on the respiratory tract of rats compared with those of burning tobacco from the reference cigarette, 3R4F (Kogel et al, 2014).…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 98%

A prototypic modified risk tobacco product exhibits reduced effects on chemotaxis and transendothelial migration of monocytes compared with a reference cigarette

Toorn

Frentzel

Goedertier

et al. 2015

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Monocyte adhesion and migration to the subendothelial space represent critical steps in atherogenesis. Here, we investigated whether extracts from the aerosol of a prototypic modified risk tobacco product (pMRTP), based on heating rather than combusting tobacco, exhibited differential effects on the migratory behavior of monocytes compared with that from the reference cigarette, 3R4F. THP-1 cells, a monocytic cell line, and human coronary arterial endothelial cells (HCAECs) were used to investigate chemotaxis and transendothelial migration (TEM) of monocytes in conventional and impedance-based systems. THP-1 cells migrated through a monolayer of HCAECs in response to C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12), a chemokine involved in diverse cellular functions including chemotaxis and survival of stem cells. Treatment of THP-1 cells with extracts from 3R4F or pMRTP induced concentration-dependent increases in cytotoxicity (7-aminoactinomycin D), and inflammation (IL-8 and TNF-α). CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis and TEM were decreased in extract-treated THP-1 cells. Extracts from 3R4F were ~21 times more potent than those from pMRTP in all examined endpoints. Extracts from 3R4F and pMRTP induced concentration-dependent responses in assays of inflammation, cytotoxicity, chemotaxis, and TEM. Furthermore, our findings indicate that extracts from a pMRTP are significantly less cytotoxic and induce less inflammation than those from the reference cigarette, 3R4F.

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“…40 mg vs. 770 mg) (Patskan & Reininghaus, 2003). The EHCSS (5 mg tar, 0.3 mg nicotine, and 0.6 mg CO according to the International Standards Organization [ISO]) was used for simulations 1-4 and Marlboro (6 mg tar, 0.5 mg nicotine and 7 mg CO according to ISO) cigarettes for simulations 5-8.…”

Section: Test Cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Concentrations Generated by an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System and a Conventional Cigarette

Tricker

Schorp

Urban

et al. 2009

Inhalation Toxicology

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Smoking conventional lit-end cigarettes results in exposure of nonsmokers to potentially harmful cigarette smoke constituents present in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) generated by sidestream smoke emissions and exhaled mainstream smoke. ETS constituent concentrations generated by a conventional lit-end cigarette and a newly developed electrically heated cigarette smoking system (EHCSS) that produces only mainstream smoke and no sidestream smoke emissions were investigated in simulated "office" and "hospitality" environments with different levels of baseline indoor air quality. Smoking the EHCSS (International Organisation for Standardization yields: 5 mg tar, 0.3 mg nicotine, and 0.6 mg carbon monoxide) in simulated indoor environments resulted in significant reductions in ETS constituent concentrations compared to when smoking a representative lit-end cigarette (Marlboro: 6 mg tar, 0.5 mg nicotine, and 7 mg carbon monoxide). In direct comparisons, 24 of 29 measured smoke constituents (83%) showed mean reductions of greater than 90%, and 5 smoke constituents (17%) showed mean reductions between 80% and 90%. Gas-vapor phase ETS markers (nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine) were reduced by an average of 97% (range 94-99%). Total respirable suspended particles, determined by online particle measurements and as gravimetric respirable suspended particles, were reduced by 90% (range 82-100%). The mean and standard deviation of the reduction of all constituents was 94 ± 4%, indicating that smoking the new EHCSS in simulated "office" and "hospitality" indoor environments resulted in substantial reductions of ETS constituents in indoor air.

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Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 1: Overview of technical concepts and summary of findings

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 2: Chemical composition of mainstream smoke

Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 2: Chemical composition of mainstream smoke

A prototypic modified risk tobacco product exhibits reduced effects on chemotaxis and transendothelial migration of monocytes compared with a reference cigarette

Comparison of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Concentrations Generated by an Electrically Heated Cigarette Smoking System and a Conventional Cigarette

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