Toxicological evaluation of benzophenone

,

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1104

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Other substances identified in packaging materials, specifically BP, 1,3-DPP, and DEHT, were also considered in this study. Regarding BP, the average dietary exposure ranged from 0.744 µg/kg bw per day (pool 10-17 years) to 2.25 µg/kg bw per day (pool 12-35 months), in all cases, was lower than the TDI (0.03 mg/kg bw per day) specified by EFSA [6]. The estimated dietary exposure to DEHT was also below TDI (1 mg/kg bw) in all age groups [40].…”

Section: Migrants Concentration In Food and Dietary Exposure Estimationmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Dietary Exposure Estimation to Chemicals Transferred from Milk and Dairy Products Packaging Materials in Spanish Child and Adolescent Population

Lestido‐Cardama

Sendón

Bustos³

et al. 2020

Foods

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Packaging materials are subject to risk assessment since they can transfer their components to the food, and they may constitute a risk for the consumers’ health. Therefore, estimating the exposure to chemicals migrating from packaging is required. In this study, a novel approach based on a total diet study (TDS)-like investigation to evaluate the exposure to chemicals transferred from the packaging was presented. The proposed methodology involved a non-targeted gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method to identify potential migrants and the determination of the migrants in composite food samples. The method was applied to evaluate the dietary exposure to chemicals from food packaging materials used for milk and dairy products in the Spanish child and adolescent populations. Several migrants identified in packaging materials were selected to determine their concentration in composite food samples. These chemicals included diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), bis(2ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), benzophenone (BP), 1,3-diphenylpropane (1,3-DPP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT). The method exhibited a good sensitivity (limit of detection, LOD ≤ 0.05 µg/g) and a satisfactory recovery (78.4-124%). Finally, the exposure was estimated using the Spanish national dietary survey ENALIA. Phthalates DBP and DEHP showed the highest mean exposure, ranging from 2.42 (10–17 years)–4.40 (12–35 months) and 1.35 (10–17 years)–4.07 (12–35 months) µg/kg bw/day for DBP and DEHP, respectively.

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Section: Migrants Concentration In Food and Dietary Exposure Estimationmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In food packaging materials, benzophenone is widely used as an initiator in UV-cured inks. It is included in the European Union positive list of authorized substances for plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food as additive with an SML of 0.6 mg/kg [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Exposure Estimation to Chemicals Transferred from Milk and Dairy Products Packaging Materials in Spanish Child and Adolescent Population

Lestido‐Cardama

Sendón

Bustos³

et al. 2020

Foods

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“…The MOE is the ratio of the lower bound of a 95% confidence interval on the benchmark dose (BMD) corresponding to a 10% higher number of tumor-bearing animals compared with control animals (BMDL 10 , mg/kg/day) to the EDI (MOE = BMDL 10 /EDI). EFSA (2009) reported that the BMDL 10 for BP is 3.1 mg/kg/day [ 6 ]. The maximum EDI of BP (176 ng/kg/day) for infants (age 0–3 years) was used to calculate the MOE, and the MOE was 17,614.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benzophenone (BP) and BP analogs (BPs) are a part of a group of endocrine-disrupting chemicals that can interfere with hormone action [ 3 ]. On the basis of a report by the National Toxicology Program on carcinogenicity in mice and rats with carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and hepatocellular and renal tubule adenomas, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified BP as possibly carcinogenic for humans (Group 2B) [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Benzophenone Analogs in Rice Cereal through Fast Pesticide Extraction and Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Liu

Huang

2022

Foods

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A fast, robust, and sensitive analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous identification of benzophenone (BP) and nine BP analogs (BP-1, BP-2, BP-3, BP-8, 2-hydroxybenzophenone, 4-hydroxybenzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone [4-MBP], methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate, and 4-benzoylbiphenyl) in 25 samples of rice cereal. Fast pesticide extraction (FaPEx) coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was applied. The developed method exhibited satisfactory linearity (r > 0.997), favorable recoveries between 71% and 119%, and a limit of detection ranging from 0.001 to 0.5 ng/g. The detection frequencies of BP, 4-MBP, and BP-3 were 100%, 88%, and 52%, respectively. BP had higher geometric levels, with a mean of 39.8 (19.1–108.9) ng/g, and 4-MBP had low levels, with a mean of 1.9 (1.3–3.3) ng/g. The method can be applied to routine rice cereal analysis at the nanogram-per-gram level. For infants aged 0–3 years, the hazard quotients of BP and 4-MBP were lower than one, and the margin of exposure for BP was higher than 10,000, suggesting that rice cereal consumption poses no health concern for Taiwanese infants.

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“…Four of these are built from flexible PVC, one sample (T11a) is made of Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with a sticker of printed paper on it. In the latter one printing inks from the paper sticker seem to be the most plausible source for the detected benzophenone, as benzophenone is a common photo initiator in UV printing colors [45]. In PVC benzophenone is often us as a UV-stabilizer.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential endocrine disrupting properties of toys for babies and infants

et al. 2020

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Plastic toys mouthed by children may be a source of exposure to endocrine active substances. The purpose of this study was to measure hormonal activity of substances leaching from toys and to identify potential endocrine disruptors causing that activity. For this purpose, migration experiments of toys were conducted in saliva simulants. The CALUX® assays were used to detect (anti-) estrogenic and (anti-) androgenic activity of 18 toys. Chemical trace analysis-namely, GC-MS and HPLC-MS-was used to identify which compounds may be responsible for endocrine activity in the sample migrates. Nine out of 18 tested toys showed significant estrogenic activity. For two samples, the detected estrogenic activity could be well explained by detecting the known endocrine active substance bisphenol A (BPA). For all identified substances, including BPA, a risk assessment for human health was performed by comparing the exposure dose, calculated based on the determined substance concentration, to toxicological reference values. Using worst-case scenarios, the exposure to BPA by mouthing of the two estrogen active, BPA-containing toys could be above the temporary TDI that EFSA has calculated. This demonstrates that some toys could significantly contribute to the total exposure to BPA of babies and infants. For seven out of nine estrogen active samples, the source of the estrogen activity could not be explained by analysis for 41 known or suspected endocrine active substances in plastic, indicating that the estrogen activities were caused by currently unknown endocrine active substances, or by endocrine active substances that would currently not be suspected in toys.

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Toxicological evaluation of benzophenone

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Dietary Exposure Estimation to Chemicals Transferred from Milk and Dairy Products Packaging Materials in Spanish Child and Adolescent Population

Dietary Exposure Estimation to Chemicals Transferred from Milk and Dairy Products Packaging Materials in Spanish Child and Adolescent Population

Identification of Benzophenone Analogs in Rice Cereal through Fast Pesticide Extraction and Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Potential endocrine disrupting properties of toys for babies and infants

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