Toxicological Evaluation of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan in Vitro and in Vivo

Hwang, Pai‐An; Yan, Ming‐De; Lin, Hong‐Ting Victor; Li, Kuan-Lun; Lin, Yansong

doi:10.3390/md14070121

Cited by 50 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…As yet no reports about toxic effects of marine APS are available and no undesirable effects of overdose and sensitivity to polysaccharides are reported [3]. One of the studies which reported that consumption of fucoidan at the recommended dose (2,000 mg/kg bw/day) did not cause any toxicological indications was performed by Hwang et al [144]. Neither toxicity nor mutagenicity of fucoidan from L. japonica was observed at concentration of 5,000 µg/mL [144] and no toxicity was measured in any blood samples when consuming F. vesiculosus extract with 85% fucoidan (300 mg) for 12 weeks [145].…”

Section: Brown Algae Sulfated Polysaccharides As Drug Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the studies which reported that consumption of fucoidan at the recommended dose (2,000 mg/kg bw/day) did not cause any toxicological indications was performed by Hwang et al [144]. Neither toxicity nor mutagenicity of fucoidan from L. japonica was observed at concentration of 5,000 µg/mL [144] and no toxicity was measured in any blood samples when consuming F. vesiculosus extract with 85% fucoidan (300 mg) for 12 weeks [145]. Acute toxicity results by Lim et al [146] classified S. binderi extract as category 5 (unclassified) according to the OECD Guideline since no mortality in rats was observed at the highest dosage (2,000 mg/kg).…”

Section: Brown Algae Sulfated Polysaccharides As Drug Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Technologies for the Extraction of Marine Brown Algal Polysaccharides

et al. 2020

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Over the years, brown algae bioactive polysaccharides laminarin, alginate and fucoidan have been isolated and used in functional foods, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical industries. The extraction process of these polysaccharides includes several complex and time-consuming steps and the correct adjustment of extraction parameters (e.g., time, temperature, power, pressure, solvent and sample to solvent ratio) greatly influences the yield, physical, chemical and biochemical properties as well as their biological activities. This review includes the most recent conventional procedures for brown algae polysaccharides extraction along with advanced extraction techniques (microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction and enzymes assisted extraction) which can effectively improve extraction process. The influence of these extraction techniques and their individual parameters on yield, chemical structure and biological activities from the most current literature is discussed, along with their potential for commercial applications as bioactive compounds and drug delivery systems.(APS) is determined by algae species however it is also influenced by other factors causing inter-species variation, e.g., growth location and harvesting season [8]. Vast structural variation between the APS therefore presents a challenge in terms of pre-treatments application, extraction techniques and optimization, characterization of isolated fractions and determination of their biological properties.Chemical structure and yield of APS isolated from marine macroalgae by conventional extraction (CE) techniques can be affected by various experimental conditions (pH, time, temperature, pressure, particle size, solvent, sample to solvent ratio, agitation speed etc.). In addition, different advanced techniques such as microwave assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), enzyme-assisted extractions (EAE) are assessed and applied for APS extraction [9][10][11].In general, the chemical structure of polysaccharides determines its physical, chemical and biochemical properties as well as its biological activities [12]. Several studies have reported that their biological activity is strongly associated with their chemical structure [9]. Due to very complex mechanisms that are affected by many factors, the correlation between polysaccharide structure and biological activity is still not sufficiently clarified.In order to improve isolation of APS, pre-treatments are usually applied to the algal biomass prior to the extraction process with the two aims: (i) to prevent co-extraction of interfering bioactive compounds with similar solubility; and (ii) to disrupt cell walls and improve mass transfer of APS into extraction solvent. The first type of pre-treatments is therefore used to remove compounds which are highly bound to the APS such as proteins, phenols and lipids, as well as mannitol and chlorophyll [13]. For that purpose, the application of various pr...

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Section: Brown Algae Sulfated Polysaccharides As Drug Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brown Algae Sulfated Polysaccharides As Drug Delivery Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Technologies for the Extraction of Marine Brown Algal Polysaccharides

et al. 2020

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“…Toxicology studies of the low-molecular-weight fucoidan from L. japonica have indicated its potential use as a food supplement, as neither toxicity nor mutagenicity was observed at the concentration of 5,000 μg/mL (Hwang, Yan, Lin, Li, & Lin, 2016). Different toxicology studies, including bacterial reverse mutation assays, in vivo micronucleus assays, total arsenic content, and chromosome aberration assays, have shown that consumption of fucoidan at the recommended dose of up to 2,000 mg/kg bw/day did not cause any toxicological indications (Hwang et al, 2016). Consumption of F. vesiculosus extract containing 85% fucoidan (300 mg) for 12 weeks was tested with 122 people with osteoarthritis (Myers et al, 2016).…”

Section: Safety and Toxicity Of Seaweed Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceutical Potential of Seaweed Polysaccharides: Structure, Bioactivity, Safety, and Toxicity

Tanna

Mishra

2019

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

236

108

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In recent years, marine organisms including seaweeds have been highlighted as potential sources of useful metabolites and bioactive compounds, with vast biological and physiological activities. Seaweeds have long been used as a food source, for medicinal purposes, and as dietary supplements in various Asian countries, and their potential benefits have recently attracted the attention of many Western and European countries. Their commercial value depends on their applications in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Seaweeds are considered a potential source of nutraceuticals or functional foods, and analysis of taste‐oriented motives has revealed that seaweeds are preferentially selected over other types of marine foods by seafood consumers and people with high levels of health, education, and living status. It is a general perception that health conscious people prefer environmentally friendly food sources, and present an opportunity to focus on seaweed‐based foods, which have significant nutritional benefits to humans. Among the various bioactive constituents, seaweed polysaccharides have been proven to possess various beneficial properties including anticoagulant, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and antiviral activities. The diversity and composition of seaweed polysaccharides play vital roles in these biological activities. Seaweeds are a rich source of sulfated polysaccharides, which are responsible for much of the bioactivity, as they can interact with various textures and cellular proteins. A number of toxicological assays and clinical trials suggest that the ingestion of seaweeds as functional foods should be considered worldwide to improve immune responses. In this review, different polysaccharides from seaweeds and their compositions and potential nutraceutical applications are discussed.

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“…Owing to their high molecular weight, therapeutic applications of native fucoidans face many challenges including structure elucidation, solubility, manufacturing, and handling [63,116], in addition to safety as a food supplement [175]. Structure elucidation and quantitation of native fucoidans is highly complicated and requires advanced or hyphenated spectroscopic techniques such asHPLC-MS/MS as it applied in Sea Cucumbers fucoidans [176,177].…”

Section: Enzymatic Modification Of Native Fucoidansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fucoidans: Downstream Processes and Recent Applications

Zayed

Ulber

2020

Marine Drugs

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Fucoidans are multifunctional marine macromolecules that are subjected to numerous and various downstream processes during their production. These processes were considered the most important abiotic factors affecting fucoidan chemical skeletons, quality, physicochemical properties, biological properties and industrial applications. Since a universal protocol for fucoidans production has not been established yet, all the currently used processes were presented and justified. The current article complements our previous articles in the fucoidans field, provides an updated overview regarding the different downstream processes, including pre-treatment, extraction, purification and enzymatic modification processes, and shows the recent non-traditional applications of fucoidans in relation to their characters. of 22reproductive, immune and cell-to-cell communicative roles [23]. As recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), fucoidans is a general term used to describe sulfated L-fucose-based polymers including sulfated fucans cited by the Swedish scholar Kylin, as well as other fucose-rich sulfated heteropolysaccharides [23,28]. Their chemical structures, in terms of monomeric composition and branching, are quite simple in marine invertebrates compared to their analogues in brown algae [13,29].Hundreds of articles have thoroughly discussed and reviewed the biological, pharmacological and pharmaceutical applications of fucoidans [30][31][32][33], including nanomedicine, [34] which has made it a hot topic in the last few decades [35][36][37]. All these studies tried to investigate fucoidans molecular mechanisms in relation to their chemical structure and physicochemical properties. Therefore, different hypotheses were suggested for each activity, such as anti-tumor [31,[38][39][40], anti-coagulant [41,42], anti-viral [43,44] and anti-inflammatory activity [45,46]. These investigations revealed that various factors are relevant, such as molecular weight, sulfation pattern, sulfate content and monomeric composition [47][48][49]. For example, different fractions were produced with different physicochemical properties in our previous experiments; sulfation pattern and sulfate content were highly related to anti-viral and cytotoxic activities against HSV-1 and Caco-2 cell lines, respectively, while molecular weight and sugar composition were potential factors in anti-coagulation activity [41,50]. In addition, degree of purity was reported as an influential factor [32], where co-extracted contaminants (e.g., phlorotannins or polyphenols) could lead to significant interference in anti-oxidant activity and, consequently, cosmetic applications [51,52].Therefore, several key production challenges regarding fucoidans were discussed in our last review article in order to obtain a product that follows the universal good manufactured practice (GMP) guidelines. The article discussed sources of heterogeneity in extracted fucoidans, including the different biotic (e.g., biogenic, geographical and seas...

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Toxicological Evaluation of Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan in Vitro and in Vivo

Cited by 50 publications

References 42 publications

Advanced Technologies for the Extraction of Marine Brown Algal Polysaccharides

Advanced Technologies for the Extraction of Marine Brown Algal Polysaccharides

Nutraceutical Potential of Seaweed Polysaccharides: Structure, Bioactivity, Safety, and Toxicity

Fucoidans: Downstream Processes and Recent Applications

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