Toxicological Methods and Laboratory Testing of Insecticides

Coats, Joel R.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4868-2_11

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The metabolic transformation of terbufos to the toxic sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives is also known in insects. 29 In contrast, Chio and Metcalf30 found that, in adults of D. longicornis Say, D. undecimpunctata howardi, D. virgifera Le Conte and Acalymma vittata (F.), unchanged terbufos was high throughout the experimental period of 24 h indicating the inherent toxicity of the parent compound and the low detoxiÐcation rate by the imagos of these species. In the present study, the GC conditions and even the sample preparations may not have been ideal for detection of metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Insecticide Penetration and Symptomology Studies on Larvae ofDiabrotica undecimpunctata howardi(Barber)

Michaelides¹,

Wright²

1997

Pestic. Sci.

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: The internal and external levels of topically applied soil insecticides, teÑuthrin, terbufos and dieldrin, to 3rd-instar larvae of the southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi (Barber), were monitored over 48 h. Symptomology of poisoning with 10 times the dose of the larval 72-h for LD 90 each chemical was observed over 48 h at various time points after treatment. Terbufos penetrated more rapidly than teÑuthrin or dieldrin, although internal levels of teÑuthrin and dieldrin had a longer-lasting plateau than terbufos. A 72-h treatment with teÑuthrin resulted in faster penetration and also faster dis-LD 30 appearance from the insect compared with the 10 ] 72-h dose over a 48-h LD 90 period. Recorded symptoms of poisoning included regurgitation of gut contents, defaecation and writhing and these are suggested to play an important part in voiding of the toxicants at lower (sub-lethal) treatment levels. The sub-lethal e †ects of teÑuthrin are discussed with respect to likely pest behavioural changes, such as anorectic response, after Ðeld treatment of a crop.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Insecticide Penetration and Symptomology Studies on Larvae ofDiabrotica undecimpunctata howardi(Barber)

Michaelides¹,

Wright²

1997

Pestic. Sci.

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“…Soil Bioassay. A soil bioassay for tile determination of larvicidal activity of monoterpenoids in soil against 3rd-instar western com rootworm larvae was performed as described below according to the methods of Coats (1986) and Rice and Coats (1994), with only minor variations. Appropriate amounts of monoterpenoid stock solutions mixed with certified acetone (a maximum of 10% in total water solution) were added to distilled water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greenhouse Pot Test. The greenhouse pot test, which has the advantage of simulating a Reid exposure, was conducted to determine the com root protection effect of monoterpenoids against the western com rootworm as a longer-term soil bioassay under greenhouse conditions (Coats 1986). Clay pots (5,800 ml) were used with untreated soil for this test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal Activity of Monoterpenoids to Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae), and House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)

Lee

Tsao

Peterson

et al. 1997

Journal of Economic Entomology

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224

125

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Acute toxicities of 34 naturally occurring monoterpenoids were evaluated against 3 important arthropod pest species; the larva of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte; the adult of the twospotted spider mite. Tetranychus urticae Koch; and the adult house fly. Musca domestica L. Potential larvicidal or acaricidal activities of each monoterpenoid were determined by topical application, leaf-dip method, soil bioassay, and greenhouse pot tests. Phytotoxicity was also tested on a corn plant. Citronellic acid and thymol were the most topically toxic against the house fly, and citronellol and thujone were the most effective on the western corn rootworm. Most of the monoterpenoids were lethal to the twospotted spider mite at high concentrations; carvomenthenol and terpinen-4-ol were especially effective. A wide range of monoterpenoids showed some larvicidal activity against the western corn rootworm in the soil bioassay. Perillaldehyde, the most toxic (LC50 = 3 micrograms/g) in soil, was only 1/3 as toxic as carbofuran, a commercial soil insecticide (LC50 = 1 microgram/g). Selected monoterpenoids also effectively protected corn roots from attack by the western corn rootworm larvae under greenhouse conditions. alpha-Terpineol was the best monoterpenoid in the greenhouse pot test. The acute toxicity of monoterpenoids was low relative to conventional insecticides. Some monoterpenoids were phytotoxic to corn roots and leaves. l-Carvone was the most phytotoxic, whereas pulegone was the safest. The results with thymyl ethyl ether, one of the synthetic derivatives of thymol, showed a potential of derivatization to reduce monoterpenoid phytotoxicity.

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“…The western com rootworm larvae were transferred to petri dishes (100 x IS mm) and provided with five com seedlings (3- Soil Bioassay. A soil bioassay for the determination of larvicidal activity of monoterpenoids against third-instar western com rootworm larvae was performed as described below according to the methods of Coats (1986) and , with only minor variations. Appropriate amounts of monoterpenoid stock solutions mixed with certified acetone (a maximum of 10% in total water solution) were added to distilled water.…”

Section: Chemicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Greenhouse Pot Test. The greenhouse pot test, which has the advantage of simulating a field exposure, was conducted to determine the corn-root protection effect of monoterpenoids against the western com rootworm as a longer-term soil bioassay under greenhouse conditions (Coats 1986). Clay pots (5,800 ml) were used with untreated soil for this test.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal properties of monoterpenoids and their derivatives as a new natural means of crop protection

Lee

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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. TJMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter fiice, while others may be from any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely aflfect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.

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Toxicological Methods and Laboratory Testing of Insecticides

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Insecticide Penetration and Symptomology Studies on Larvae ofDiabrotica undecimpunctata howardi(Barber)

Insecticide Penetration and Symptomology Studies on Larvae ofDiabrotica undecimpunctata howardi(Barber)

Insecticidal Activity of Monoterpenoids to Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Twospotted Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae), and House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)

Insecticidal properties of monoterpenoids and their derivatives as a new natural means of crop protection

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