Toxicological Pathology of the Retina and Optic Nerve

Ramos, Meg Ferrell; Reilly, Christopher M.; Bolon, Brad

doi:10.1002/9780470939956.ch24

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Fixation with solutions containing glutaraldehyde (e.g. Karnovsky’s solution) is suitable if electron microscopy is planned ( Ramos et al. 2011 ).…”

Section: Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions Of The Rat Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rodent retina is very similar to that of human and of many vertebrate retinae. It is structurally divided into nine distinct layers (adapted from Ramos et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions Of The Rat Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…carbon disulfide, doxorubicin, glutamate and lidocaine). A few toxicants, like ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A), preferentially target the cells in the inner nuclear layer ( Ramos, Reilly et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions Of The Rat Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mice have a less robust lamina cribrosa when compared to rats so the accentuation of the collagenous tissue in optic nerve atrophy is less evident ( Smith, John, and Nishina 2002 ). Because optic nerve atrophy is a chronic, irreversible response, it is important to determine the progenitor lesions in toxicological studies ( Ramos, Reilly et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions Of The Rat Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Ratand Mouse Special Sense Organs(Ocular [eye and glands], Olfactory and Otic)

et al. 2018

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“…Fixation with solutions containing glutaraldehyde (e.g. Karnovsky’s solution) is suitable if electron microscopy is planned ( Ramos et al. 2011 ).…”

Section: Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions Of The Rat Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rodent retina is very similar to that of human and of many vertebrate retinae. It is structurally divided into nine distinct layers (adapted from Ramos et al 2011 ).…”

Section: Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions Of The Rat Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions Of The Rat Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions Of The Rat Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Ratand Mouse Special Sense Organs(Ocular [eye and glands], Olfactory and Otic)

et al. 2018

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“…14,65 Electroretinography is considered a standard parameter to evaluate retinal function for all pivotal ocular toxicity studies, 27 and full-field or "flash" ERG is most commonly used although it is limited to detecting functional deficits in a relatively large area of the retina. 58,66 Multifocal ERG is useful for detecting localized retinal changes, but it is not currently offered by many CROs as a standardized procedure, and therefore, the relatively more insensitive full-field ERG used for ocular toxicity studies is often not as sensitive as ophthalmic and/or ocular microscopic examination for local retinal effects. 8,67 Certainly, full-field ERG is a regulatory expectation in most pivotal ocular toxicity studies, but based on its lack of sensitivity, it should be used judiciously in dose range intravitreal/subretinal toxicity studies and some pivotal ocular toxicity studies by other routes as a case-by-case consideration.…”

Section: Ocular In-life Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Aspects of Ocular Toxicity Studies With a Focus on High-Quality Pathology Reports: A Pathology/Toxicology Consultant’s Perspective

Short¹

2020

Toxicol Pathol

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Ocular toxicity studies are the bedrock of nonclinical ocular drug and drug–device development, and there has been an evolution in experience, technologies, and challenges to address that ensures safe clinical trials and marketing authorization. The expectations of a well-designed ocular toxicity study and the generation of a coherent, integrative ocular toxicology report and subreports are high, and this article provides a pathology/toxicology consultant’s perspective on achieving that goal. The first objective is to cover selected aspects of study designs for ocular toxicity studies including considerations for contract research organization selection, minipig species selection, unilateral versus bilateral dosing, and in-life parameters based on fit-for-purpose study objectives. The main objective is a focus on a high-quality ocular pathology report that includes ocular histology procedures to meet regulatory expectations and a report narrative and tables that correlate microscopic findings with key ophthalmic findings and presents a clear interpretation of test article-, vehicle-, and procedure-related ocular and extraocular findings with identification of adversity and a pathology peer review. The last objective covers considerations for a high-quality ophthalmology report, which in concert with a high-quality pathology report, will pave the way for a best quality toxicology report for an ocular toxicity study.

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Special senses

Scudamore¹

2013

A Practical Guide to the Histology of the Mouse

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Toxicological Pathology of the Retina and Optic Nerve

Cited by 9 publications

References 98 publications

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Ratand Mouse Special Sense Organs(Ocular [eye and glands], Olfactory and Otic)

Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Ratand Mouse Special Sense Organs(Ocular [eye and glands], Olfactory and Otic)

Selected Aspects of Ocular Toxicity Studies With a Focus on High-Quality Pathology Reports: A Pathology/Toxicology Consultant’s Perspective

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