Toxicological Responses of Wistar Rats Exposed to Controlled Emissions of Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Dioxide

Abstract

The inhalation of pollutants of automobile origin induces blood disturbances, especially noncommunicable diseases, in humans. However, there are no studies highlighting the effects induced by car pollutants. From this perspective, this study aims to evaluate the effects of at least two (02) pollutants, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), on oxidative stress and inflammation after a single exposure for four hours (04 h). Materials and methods: Ten male Wistar strain rats were randomly divided into two groups of five (05): the control group (179.00 ± 5.916 g) unexposed and the group exposed to CO and NO 2 (188.00 ± 13.13 g). CO and NO 2 were produced by the combustion gas oil using a device contained in a sealed metal box supplied with ambient air by a pump. The ranges of CO and NO 2 concentrations to which the rats were exposed varied between 35 and 45 ppm and between 0.2 and 0.3 ppm, respectively. The blood samples were taken at 24 hours after the end of the manipulations. A malondialdehyde (MDA) assay was performed on supernatant using the GENESYS 10S UV Visible Spectrophotometer. Tumour Necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in the supernatant stored at-80 ° C were examined with an ELISA kit. Results: The mean values of MDA (17,771 ± 6.624 nM / ml) and TNF-α (83,050 ± 7.483 μg / ml) observed in the exposed group were significantly higher (p ˂ 0.01) than those recorded in the control group (MDA (7.097 ± 1.882 nM / ml) and TNF-α (6.410 ± 3.160 μg / ml). Conclusion: Exposure to CO and NO 2 for at least 4 hours induces the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the exacerbation of inflammation.

Effects of aerobic training on oxidative stress and inflammation in rats exposed to controlled emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

“…Analysis of the data showed that repeated exposure to CO and NO2 resulted in increases in the concentrations of MDA and TNF-α on days 4, 9 and 14. These results complement the results of a recent study conducted by Tito et al [1] which showed that 4 hour exposure to CO and NO2 significantly induced increases in mean concentrations of MDA and TNF-α. Thus, repeated exposure could be said to maintain over time the oxidative stress and inflammation induced by acute exposure to CO and NO2.…”

“…We used the protocol described by Tito et al [1]. This device was in fact, composed of an ambient air motor pump (temperature 21 o C and hygrometry 65 ± 5%) of the brand KF, NEUBERGER 78 Freidburg (A).…”

“…Inhalation of automotive pollutants induces blood disorders and especially non-communicable diseases in humans, making pollution a public health problem [1]. Globally, the number of deaths per year related to air pollution in urban and rural areas is about 6.5 million or 11.6% [2].…”

“…Very recently Tito et al [1] in an experimental and controlled study on the animal model have shown that acute exposure to CO and NO2 for at least 4 hours induces an overproduction of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for oxidative stress and an exacerbation of the inflammatory process which results in a significant increase in the concentration of TNF-α. This is justified by the role of CO, which, once in the body following inhalation, binds to haemoglobin with an affinity 250 times greater than that of oxygen (O2) [9].…”

A Multi-Temporal Analysis on the Dynamics of the Impact of Land Use and Land Cover on NO₂ and CO Emissions in Argentina for Sustainable Environmental Management

“…Its main causes are diverse, ranging from economic development and urbanization to energy consumption, transportation, and rapid urban population growth [6]. Two key indicators of air quality, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO), pose significant hazards to human health and the environment [7]. Therefore, it is imperative to periodically monitor and reduce atmospheric pollutant concentrations to mitigate their harmful consequences.…”