Toxicological status changes the susceptibility of the honey bee Apis mellifera to a single fungicidal spray application

Almasri, Hanine; Tavares, Daiana Antonia; Tchamitchian, Sylvie; Pélissier, Michel; Sené, Déborah; Cousin, Marianne; Brunet, Jean-Luc; Belzunces, Luc

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13747-3

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…However, this hypothesis does not explain why, in the mixture, the oxidative stress induced by F was also inhibited. This exemplifies that the mechanism of action of a given mixture does not merely correspond to the sum of the modes of action of each substance, as was previously shown for the interaction between the fungicide difenoconazole, the herbicide glyphosate and the insecticide imidacloprid [ 82 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…However, it should be noted that a discrepancy between the present study and the previous work in which an increase in food consumption was observed in exposed bees [ 38 ]. The fact that an increase in food consumption is not systematically observed suggests that the physiological or toxicological status of bees could influence the effects of pesticides [ 82 ]. Thus, it cannot be ruled out that the bees used in the study of Almasri et al 2020 were in energetic stress linked to wintering or to exposure to toxicants, which was magnified by the chemical stress induced by pesticides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the triazole fungicide difenoconazole, its molecular target, fungal lanosterol 14α-demethylase, is a cytochrome P-450-dependent enzyme that can be inhibited by azole fungicides, as all cytochrome P-450s in animals [ 124 ]. Hence, the effects of difenoconazole linked to its inhibiting action on cytochrome P-450s may easily be expected in animals, in addition to its other sublethal effects observed in bees not closely related to its action on cytochrome P-450s [ 38 , 51 , 82 , 125 , 126 , 127 ]. Thus, the occurrence of sublethal effects reveals that imidacloprid, glyphosate and difenoconazole possess different biological targets responsible for their numerous effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of the Pesticides Imidacloprid, Difenoconazole and Glyphosate Alone and in Binary and Ternary Mixtures to Winter Honey Bees: Effects on Survival and Antioxidative Defenses

Pal

Almasri

Paris

et al. 2022

Toxics

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To explain losses of bees that could occur after the winter season, we studied the effects of the insecticide imidacloprid, the herbicide glyphosate and the fungicide difenoconazole, alone and in binary and ternary mixtures, on winter honey bees orally exposed to food containing these pesticides at concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L. Attention was focused on bee survival, food consumption and oxidative stress. The effects on oxidative stress were assessed by determining the activity of enzymes involved in antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) in the head, abdomen and midgut; oxidative damage reflected by both lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation was also evaluated. In general, no significant effect on food consumption was observed. Pesticide mixtures were more toxic than individual substances, and the highest mortalities were induced at intermediate doses of 0.1 and 1 µg/L. The toxicity was not always linked to the exposure level and the number of substances in the mixtures. Mixtures did not systematically induce synergistic effects, as antagonism, subadditivity and additivity were also observed. The tested pesticides, alone and in mixtures, triggered important, systemic oxidative stress that could largely explain pesticide toxicity to honey bees.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of the Pesticides Imidacloprid, Difenoconazole and Glyphosate Alone and in Binary and Ternary Mixtures to Winter Honey Bees: Effects on Survival and Antioxidative Defenses

Pal

Almasri

Paris

et al. 2022

Toxics

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“…Metoprolol displayed no acute toxicity but did demonstrate effects on larval development. One potential explanation is that metoprolol displays a delayed toxic effect, and an extended observation period in the acute toxicity test would have captured a toxic response (Almasri et al, 2021). Metoprolol is one of the most prescribed blood pressure medicines, is commonly detected in surface waters, and is identified as harmful to aquatic organisms, which is in agreement with the present study (Voigt et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Ecotoxicity of Select Emerging Organic Contaminants Toward the Marine Copepod Gladioferens pectinatus

Barrick

Champeau

Butler

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Estuarine ecosystems are recipients of anthropogenic stressors released from land‐based activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ecotoxicological hazards of organic contaminants toward the estuarine copepod Gladioferens pectinatus using acute and chronic testing. Most chemicals demonstrated acute toxicity and influenced development of the copepods. Further research should be conducted to investigate these chemicals and their mixtures using long‐term, multigenerational testing to characterize mechanisms of toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:792–799. © 2022 SETAC

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“…For example, residues of systemic insecticides from treatments performed before bloom (e.g., as seed coating) may appear in the flowers and get mixed with fungicides applied during bloom. Due to their low toxicity for bees, many entomophilous crops are sprayed with fungicides at least once during bloom (Xavier et al 2020;Almasri et al 2021). Under this scenario, pollinators experience chronic exposure to residual concentrations of systemic insecticides and acute exposure to high concentrations of fungicides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical responses, feeding and survival in the solitary bee Osmia bicornis following exposure to an insecticide and a fungicide alone and in combination

Martins

Caliani

D’Agostino

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In agricultural ecosystems, bees are exposed to combinations of pesticides that may have been applied at different times. For example, bees visiting a flowering crop may be chronically exposed to low concentrations of systemic insecticides applied before bloom and then to a pulse of fungicide, considered safe for bees, applied during bloom. In this study, we simulate this scenario under laboratory conditions with females of the solitary bee, Osmia bicornis L. We studied the effects of chronic exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide, Confidor® (imidacloprid) at a realistic concentration, and of a pulse (1 day) exposure of the fungicide Folicur® SE (tebuconazole) at field application rate. Syrup consumption, survival, and four biomarkers: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CaE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated at two different time points. An integrated biological response (IBRv2) index was elaborated with the biomarker results. The fungicide pulse had no impact on survival but temporarily reduced syrup consumption and increased the IBRv2 index, indicating potential molecular alterations. The neonicotinoid significantly reduced syrup consumption, survival, and the neurological activity of the enzymes. The co-exposure neonicotinoid-fungicide did not increase toxicity at the tested concentrations. AChE proved to be an efficient biomarker for the detection of early effects for both the insecticide and the fungicide. Our results highlight the importance of assessing individual and sub-individual endpoints to better understand pesticide effects on bees.

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Toxicological status changes the susceptibility of the honey bee Apis mellifera to a single fungicidal spray application

Cited by 15 publications

References 78 publications

Toxicity of the Pesticides Imidacloprid, Difenoconazole and Glyphosate Alone and in Binary and Ternary Mixtures to Winter Honey Bees: Effects on Survival and Antioxidative Defenses

Toxicity of the Pesticides Imidacloprid, Difenoconazole and Glyphosate Alone and in Binary and Ternary Mixtures to Winter Honey Bees: Effects on Survival and Antioxidative Defenses

Investigating the Ecotoxicity of Select Emerging Organic Contaminants Toward the Marine Copepod Gladioferens pectinatus

Biochemical responses, feeding and survival in the solitary bee Osmia bicornis following exposure to an insecticide and a fungicide alone and in combination

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