Toxicology and Biodegradability of Tier Three Gasoline Blendstocks: Literature Review of Available Data

Abstract

This is one of a series of reports produced as a result of the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) initiative, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-sponsored effort initiated to simultaneously investigate advanced engine designs and the enabling fuel properties. This firstof-its-kind effort is designed to provide American industry with the scientific underpinnings needed to maximize vehicle performance and efficiency, leverage domestic fuel resources, boost U.S. jobs, and enhance energy security.Co-Optima brings together DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE), 9 national laboratories, 13 universities, and numerous industry and government stakeholders in a collaboration exploring solutions with potential for near-term improvements to the types of fuels and engines found in most vehicles currently on the road, as well as to the development of revolutionary engine technologies for a longer-term, higher-impact series of solutions.In addition to the EERE Vehicle Technologies and Bioenergy Technologies Offices, the Co-Optima team includes representatives from the

Toxicology and Biodegradability of Blendstocks for Mixing Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion: Literature Review of Available Data

“…The 2-nonanol had the highest water solubility compared to any other chemical in this analysis. The relative water solubility, while higher than any of the other diesel-like counterparts, was still orders of magnitude below many of the gasoline-range compounds evaluated in our previous work (Alleman and Smith 2019). All the compounds analyzed had little to no mobility, meaning migration between compartments was predicted to be very low.…”

“…Some differences in water solubility and mobility can be derived from the models. The differences are very small, comparatively, for these diesel-boiling range compounds, particularly when compared to the gasoline range compounds found in Alleman and Smith (2019). The larger molecular size and lower volatility of the MCCI Co-Optima blendstocks result in limited water solubility and mobility, especially over to the SI Co-Optima blendstocks.…”

“…The analysis is based on the work of Mackay (2001) and analyzed using the software program: Level I, Fugacity-Based Environmental Equilibrium Partitioning Model (Trent University 2004). The same assumptions-homogeneous compartments and all compartments are in equilibrium-apply and are discussed in more detail in our previous work (Alleman and Smith 2019). Graphical representation of the compartments for each compound are given in the appendix.…”

“…The detailed screening approach to physical properties has been well documented (McCormick et al 2017;Farrell et al 2018a;Farrell et al 2018b). Our previous work analyzed additional parameters, including the biodegradability and toxicology of the six most promising gasoline-range blendstocks (Alleman and Smith 2019). That work found little potential environmental concern for the proposed blendstocks based on available literature of the pure compounds.…”

“…As discussed in our previous work, the intent of this study is to examine the impact of an accidental environmental release of various pure components being considered as bioblendstocks for MCCI (Alleman and Smith, 2019). The examination of toxicity of fuels and blendstocks spans a wide range of systems, including soil, marine organisms, microbes, and the atmosphere.…”