Toxicology and Epidemiology of Arsenic and its Compounds

Hughes, Michael F.; Thomas, David J.; Kenyon, Elaina M.

doi:10.1002/9780470741122.ch4

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 186 publications

(286 reference statements)

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“…Thus, TL measures obtained from peripheral blood cells are likely to be proxies for TL in skin, suggesting a biological mechanism underlying the association we observe between TL and skin lesion risk. However, not all tissues in the body accumulate arsenic equally, with studies in both human and mice models showing higher accumulation of arsenic in skin than in blood (due in part to arsenic’s affinity to keratin in skin) (Hughes et al, 2003; Hughes et al, 2009; Saha et al, 1999). Thus, it is possible that chronic arsenic exposure affects TL in skin cells (or other tissues), but not the blood-based TL measures analyzed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of telomere length, arsenic exposure, and arsenic toxicity in a Bangladeshi cohort

Zhang

Kibriya

Jasmine

et al. 2018

Environmental Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of telomere length, arsenic exposure, and arsenic toxicity in a Bangladeshi cohort

Zhang

Kibriya

Jasmine

et al. 2018

Environmental Research

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“…8 Humans are exposed to arsenic through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact from contaminated sources. 9 A common cause of arsenic exposure among pregnant women is the ingestion of arsenic-contaminated foods and lifestyle choices, including firsthand or secondhand tobacco smoke. 1,10,11 In this study, the relationship between residence in areas suspected to have higher environmental arsenic levels in private drinking wells and soil and LBW was investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Relationship Between Low Birth Weight Occurrence and Passive Measures of Environmental Arsenic by Census Tract in Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties, Florida

Scott-Richardson

Ruiz

Smith

2020

Environ�Health�Insights

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Arsenic is a public health concern because of its widespread distribution and high toxicity, even when doses are small. Low birth weight (LBW) occurrence, birth weights less than 2500 g, may be associated with prenatal exposure of arsenic from environmental factors and consuming contaminated drinking water and food. The objective of this study was to examine whether mothers living in areas of Escambia and Santa Rosa counties with varying levels of background arsenic in surface soil and water were associated with the occurrence of LBW. Inverse distance weight in ArcGIS was used to interpolate arsenic concentrations from environmental samples and estimate arsenic concentrations by census tracts in the two counties. After excluding multiple births and displaced geocoding addresses, birth data were obtained for the years of 2005 (n = 5845), 2010 (n = 5569), and 2015 (n = 5770) from the Bureau of Vital Statistics at the Florida Department of Health to assess temporal differences. Generalized linear models were used to analyze and compare the association between child and maternal demographic information, socioeconomic characteristics, and the environmental estimates of arsenic with LBW. No significant association was found between environmental arsenic concentration and LBW, suggesting that environmental contamination of the pregnant mother’s census tract may not be a useful proxy in assessing risk for LBW.

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“…It has been associated with cardiovascular disease, including Blackfoot Disease in Taiwan, which is characterized by numbness in the extremities, followed by formation of black, scaly lesions on the skin and gangrene. Chronic arsenic exposure is also clearly linked with the development of lesions on the liver and, perhaps most seriously, skin and bladder cancer (Hughes et al 2009). While the mechanism behind arsenic poisoning is not well understood, it is believed to primarily involve two chemical processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As 3+ can strongly bind to -SH groups in enzymes, hindering the enzymes' activity. It is also possible that arsenic redox reactions in the body could lead to oxidative stress and free radical production (O'Day 2006, Hughes et al 2009. In general, As 3+ is considered to be more toxic that As 5+ , but both valence states are quite dangerous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fate of arsenic in Noah’s Flood

Hutchison¹,

Bortel²

2018

PICC

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One potential consequence of Noah's Flood would be the mobilization of toxic elements such as arsenic (As), a group 15 metalloid with a significant solubility and redox chemistry in water and a high toxicity to human beings. This paper discusses the likely chemistry of arsenic during the Flood. The Flood would have released arsenic through hydrothermal activity, volcanic eruptions, and weathering of crustal rock. Arsenic in hydrothermal fluid would likely be rapidly precipitated by sulfides. Likewise, much of the arsenic in volcanoes would actually be deposited subsurface as sulfides. In the presence of oxygen-rich waters, these sulfide minerals can undergo oxidative dissolution, releasing the arsenic back into the water to join that liberated by the weathering of the surface. Iron oxyhydroxides would form in such an environment, however, and these will sorb and remove arsenic from the water once again. In waters rich in organic-carbon, reducing conditions can return periodically. This would lead to reductive dissolution to liberate the arsenic from the iron oxyhydroxides. However, these conditions can also reduce sulfates to sulfides and thus reprecipitate the arsenic sulfide minerals. Furthermore, the extremely rapid formation of sedimentary rock during the Flood would likely bury both the original sulfide minerals and the arsenic-sorbed iron oxyhydroxides before they could be significantly dissolved. The modern distribution of arsenic gives evidence of this; the element is often concentrated in large sedimentary basins adjacent to orogenic belts. It appears that arsenic sulfides (formed during the Flood) were in some cases subject to uplift during orogenesis associated with the Flood and underwent oxidation, resulting in the arsenic being sorbed to iron minerals and clays. These eroded into the foreland basins and were buried before the arsenic could leach into local waters to a major degree. In modern times, however, reductive dissolutions of these deposits has resulted in arsenic poisoning. While arsenic does not threaten the Flood model (rather the Flood explains the modern distribution of arsenic), modern arsenic contamination is an ongoing result of the judgement of the Flood.

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Toxicology and Epidemiology of Arsenic and its Compounds

Cited by 10 publications

References 186 publications

A study of telomere length, arsenic exposure, and arsenic toxicity in a Bangladeshi cohort

A study of telomere length, arsenic exposure, and arsenic toxicity in a Bangladeshi cohort

Examining the Relationship Between Low Birth Weight Occurrence and Passive Measures of Environmental Arsenic by Census Tract in Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties, Florida

The Fate of arsenic in Noah’s Flood

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