Toxicology and Safety Evaluation of the New Insect Repellent Picaridin (Saltidin)

Sangha, G.K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374367-1.00101-4

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is a colorless substance derived from pepper and is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for use as a repellent and for children over two years of age. Although it has good effectiveness as a repellent, it can be toxic, and its incorrect use can increase the risk of adverse reactions, particularly in children and pregnant women [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Currently, the market offers repellents based on icaridin at concentrations of 10–25%, limiting its application in pregnant women and babies under six months of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Nanorepellent Systems Containing Geraniol and Icaridin Aimed at Repelling Aedes aegypti

Andrade

Guilger-Casagrande

Germano-Costa

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Repellents are among the leading products used against diseases transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. However, their indiscriminate use or high concentrations can cause severe adverse reactions, particularly in children and pregnant women. To protect them, nanotechnology is a promising tool to encapsulate active compounds against degradation, increase their effectiveness, and decrease their toxicity, as it can promote the modified release of the active compound. This study aimed to develop polymeric nanocapsules containing the repellent actives geraniol and icaridin using low concentrations of the active component, with the objective of promoting effective activity and greater safety against adverse reactions. The nanocapsules were developed by the interfacial deposition method, and the physicochemical properties of the nanocapsules were evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), release kinetics assay, and mathematical modeling. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay and genotoxicity analysis using the comet assay. The developed nanocapsules containing geraniol and icaridin showed mean diameters of 260 nm and 314 nm, respectively, with a polydispersity index < 0.2. The nanocapsules showed encapsulation efficiency values of 73.7 ± 0.1% for icaridin and 98.7 ± 0.1% for geraniol. Morphological analysis showed spherical nanocapsules with low polydispersity. The kinetic parameters calculated using the Korsmeyer–Peppas model indicated an anomalous release profile. Cell viability and genotoxicity analyses showed that the nanocapsules did not alter cell viability or damage DNA. The results demonstrate a promising nanostructured system with good physicochemical characteristics and good stability, with repellent activity against Aedes aegypti.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Nanorepellent Systems Containing Geraniol and Icaridin Aimed at Repelling Aedes aegypti

Andrade

Guilger-Casagrande

Germano-Costa

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Nevertheless, they work similarly by producing an odour that insects find repulsive 7 . However, their use has limitations, such as unpleasant odours, skin irritation, and unacceptable toxicology 2,[4][5][8][9][10] . DEET is the most common and most effective mosquito repellant 7,10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled release of DEET and Picaridin mosquito repellents from microcapsules prepared by complex coacervation using gum Arabic and chitosan

Donchai¹,

Aldred²,

Junkum³

et al. 2022

Pharm Sci Asia

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Microcapsules (MCs) of mosquito repellents (DEET and Picaridin) were prepared by complex coacervation using gum Arabic and chitosan as wall materials. The resulting diameters of MCs were 2.35±0.76 µm for DEET and 4.26±1.77 µm for Picaridin, analyzed by optical microscopy. Spherical mononuclear-type MCs were also observed. The mean particle size of dried DEET-MC and Picaridin-MC was 182 µm and 140 µm, respectively, indicating agglomeration of MCs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the encapsulation of repellents by the appearance of carbonyl (C=O) absorption bands in the associated spectra. Moreover, the microencapsulation efficiency was 60% and 73% for DEET and Picaridin, respectively, determined by Soxhlet extraction. From Thermogravimetric analysis, delay of DEET and Picaridin losses revealed encapsulation of DEET and Picaridin inside the MCs. In addition, the higher release rate of Picaridin compared to DEET under isothermal conditions was correlated with longer protective time relative to the free repellents, as demonstrated by the "arm in cage" test. The study concludes that microencapsulated DEET and Picaridin show high promise of functional textiles for mosquito repellency.

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“…Assim, após análise dos dados foram geradas duas tabelas: uma contendo os valores de IC50 das formulações em unidades de porcentagem de formulação (Tabela 2); outra constando os mesmos valores para IC50, mas agora convertidos em unidades de mg/mL (Tabela 3). Icaridina foi considerada levemente irritante em exposição ocular, em testes com coelhos (Sangha, 2010). Para Geraniol, exposição aguda em aplicação dérmica resulta em LD50 > 5000 mg/kg.…”

Section: Testes In Vitrounclassified

“…Valor Ensaios de exposição oral a doses repetidas de 1000 ppm de Geraniol foram realizados em ratos, que não apresentaram efeitos para concentrações em até 27 semanas de experimento (Lapczynski et al, 2008). Para Icaridina, ensaio subcrônico de 90 dias em ratos determinou nível sem efeito adverso observável (NOAEL) em 200 mg/kg/dia (Sangha, 2010). Embora preliminar, a tendência de baixa citotoxicidade apontada neste experimento para a exposição repetida à NP+Ger+Ica corrobora com a observada na literatura, fornecendo uma expectativa otimista quanto à segurança da formulação.…”

Section: Comparação Com 24hunclassified

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Avaliação do perfil toxicológico de formulações repelentes tópicas contendo nanopartículas para o uso de uma combinação de ativos eficazes contra "Aedes aegypti"

Leite Almeida

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Gostaria de agradecer também à Unicamp, ao Instituto de Biologia e ao Nano-Cell Interactions Lab por fornecer toda estrutura necessária na viabilização deste projeto, com acesso a recursos que possibilitam a realização de trabalhos de excelência.Indispensáveis para o enriquecimento desse trabalho, gostaria de agradecer aos membros da banca de qualificação e da banca de defesa que dedicaram seu tempo para avaliação criteriosa e sugestões relevantes.Ao grupo de pesquisa do Laboratório de Nanotecnologia Ambiental, gerenciado pelo Prof. Dr. Leonardo Fraceto, agradeço o fornecimento das nanopartículas estudadas neste projeto. Jhones e Carol, muito obrigada pela disponibilidade, prontidão e excelência no desenvolvimento e fabricação dos lotes e lotes de partícula.Agradeço imensamente ao Prof. Bispo pela orientação, disposição, disponibilidade e divagações. Percorremos um bom caminho até aqui e temos ainda muita construção pela frente, mas já sou profundamente grata pela notável evolução sob seus direcionamentos e mentoria.

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Toxicology and Safety Evaluation of the New Insect Repellent Picaridin (Saltidin)

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Polymeric Nanorepellent Systems Containing Geraniol and Icaridin Aimed at Repelling Aedes aegypti

Polymeric Nanorepellent Systems Containing Geraniol and Icaridin Aimed at Repelling Aedes aegypti

Controlled release of DEET and Picaridin mosquito repellents from microcapsules prepared by complex coacervation using gum Arabic and chitosan

Avaliação do perfil toxicológico de formulações repelentes tópicas contendo nanopartículas para o uso de uma combinação de ativos eficazes contra "Aedes aegypti"

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