Toxicology of Commonly Found Ingredients in E-Cigarettes: A Brief Review

Alshareef, Hussam Z.; Omaye, Stanley T.

doi:10.4236/health.2021.1311100

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Existing studies have established some knowledge of the toxicities of tobacco-flavored ecigarettes [16,[19][20][21][22][23][24]. The compounds present in the e-liquid and aerosol of tobacco-flavored ecigarettes have many toxic effects on cells.…”

Section: Cellular Toxicities Of Tobacco-flavored E-cigarette Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

e-Cigarette Tobacco Flavors, Public Health, and Toxicity: Narrative Review

Sun,

Prabhu,

Rahman

et al. 2024

Online J Public Health Inform

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Background Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration implemented enforcement priorities against all flavored, cartridge-based e-cigarettes other than menthol and tobacco flavors. This ban undermined the products’ appeal to vapers, so e-cigarette manufacturers added flavorants of other attractive flavors into tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes and reestablished appeal. Objective This review aims to analyze the impact of the addition of other flavorants in tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes on both human and public health issues and to propose further research as well as potential interventions. Methods Searches for relevant literature published between 2018 and 2023 were performed. Cited articles about the toxicity of e-cigarette chemicals included those published before 2018, and governmental websites and documents were also included for crucial information. Results Both the sales of e-cigarettes and posts on social media suggested that the manufacturers’ strategy was successful. The reestablished appeal causes not only a public health issue but also threats to the health of individual vapers. Research has shown an increase in toxicity associated with the flavorants commonly used in flavored e-cigarettes, which are likely added to tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes based on tobacco-derived and synthetic tobacco-free nicotine, and these other flavors are associated with higher clinical symptoms not often induced solely by natural, traditional tobacco flavors. Conclusions The additional health risks posed by the flavorants are pronounced even without considering the toxicological interactions of the different tobacco flavorants, and more research should be done to understand the health risks thoroughly and to take proper actions accordingly for the regulation of these emerging products.

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Section: Cellular Toxicities Of Tobacco-flavored E-cigarette Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

e-Cigarette Tobacco Flavors, Public Health, and Toxicity: Narrative Review

Sun,

Prabhu,

Rahman

et al. 2024

Online J Public Health Inform

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Existing studies have established some knowledge of the toxicities of tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes. 16,[19][20][21][22][23][24] The compounds present in the e-liquid and aerosol of tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes have many toxic effects on cells. For instance, nicotine in tobacco flavors can decrease mucociliary clearance in the lung by suppressing Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor activity and the CFTR, resulting in a greater risk for chronic lung diseases.…”

Section: Toxicology Of Tobacco-flavored E-cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inhaling nicotine from tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes can result in hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), increased heart attack risk, and asthma. 20 Propylene glycol found in tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes can also pose health risks when inhaled where cough, difficulty breathing, and increased asthma risk are linked to inhalation of propylene glycol. 20 Moreover, the heating of glycerol found in tobacco-flavored e-liquids can produce formaldehyde, which can act as a carcinogen when inhaled.…”

Section: Toxicology Of Tobacco-flavored E-cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Propylene glycol found in tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes can also pose health risks when inhaled where cough, difficulty breathing, and increased asthma risk are linked to inhalation of propylene glycol. 20 Moreover, the heating of glycerol found in tobacco-flavored e-liquids can produce formaldehyde, which can act as a carcinogen when inhaled. 20 It was revealed that tobacco flavorants can induce higher levels of cell death in lung epithelial cells and inflammatory responses in types of cells including fibroblasts.…”

Section: Toxicology Of Tobacco-flavored E-cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Moreover, the heating of glycerol found in tobacco-flavored e-liquids can produce formaldehyde, which can act as a carcinogen when inhaled. 20 It was revealed that tobacco flavorants can induce higher levels of cell death in lung epithelial cells and inflammatory responses in types of cells including fibroblasts. 21,22 Overall, reported in either in vivo or in vitro studies, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS)/oxidative stress and release of inflammatory cytokines are associated with tobacco flavors, and the conclusions included increased cell death, decreased cell viability, and increased inflammatory responses.…”

Section: Toxicology Of Tobacco-flavored E-cigarettesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

e-Cigarette Tobacco Flavors, Public Health, and Toxicity: Narrative Review (Preprint)

Sun,

Prabhu,

Rahman

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Recently, the FDA implemented the enforcement priorities against all flavored, cartridge-based e-cigarettes other than menthol and tobacco flavors. This ban undermined the products’ attraction to vapers, so e-cigarette manufacturers added flavorants of other attractive flavors into tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes and re-established attractions. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide information to inform authorities about the public health issue of the addition of other flavorants in tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes and to propose routes for further research and potential interventions. METHODS Searches for relevant literature published between 2018 and 2023 were performed. Cited articles about the toxicity of e-cigarette chemicals include ones published before 2018, and governmental websites/documents were also included for crucial information. RESULTS Both the sales of e-cigarettes and posts on social media suggested that the manufacturers’ strategies are likely “successful”. The re-established attraction causes not only a public health issue but also threats to the health of individual vapers. Research has shown an increase in toxicity associated with the flavorants commonly used in flavored e-cigarettes that are likely added in tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes based on tobacco-derived and synthetic tobacco-free nicotine, and these other flavors are associated with higher clinical symptoms not often induced by only natural traditional tobacco flavors. CONCLUSIONS The additional health risks posed by the flavorants are pronounced even without considering the interactions of toxicology of the different tobacco flavorants, and more research should be done to understand the health risks thoroughly and to take proper actions accordingly for the regulation of these emerging products. CLINICALTRIAL

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The case of young people who use e-cigarettes infrequently: Who is this population? What becomes of them?

Roberts,

Singer,

et al. 2024

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Toxicology of Commonly Found Ingredients in E-Cigarettes: A Brief Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

e-Cigarette Tobacco Flavors, Public Health, and Toxicity: Narrative Review

e-Cigarette Tobacco Flavors, Public Health, and Toxicity: Narrative Review

e-Cigarette Tobacco Flavors, Public Health, and Toxicity: Narrative Review (Preprint)

The case of young people who use e-cigarettes infrequently: Who is this population? What becomes of them?

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