Toxicology rethinks its central belief

Calabrese, Edward J.; Baldwin, Linda A.

doi:10.1038/421691a

Cited by 602 publications

(277 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Dimethoate of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 mg/L stimulates growth of Ghlorella vulgans (Tian et al, 1997). The absence of an inhibitory effect and even a small positive action of moderate-strength treatment is known as hormesis-where a modest stimulation of response occurs at low doses and an inhibition of response occurs at high ones (Calabrese and Baldwin, 2003). Recognition of hormetic-like biphasic dose responses is important for elucidating the bioregulatory actions of various peptides and their biomedical implications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nonylphenol on the growth and microcystin production of Microcystis strains

Wang

Xie

Guo

2007

Environmental Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nonylphenol on the growth and microcystin production of Microcystis strains

Wang

Xie

Guo

2007

Environmental Research

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“…Hormesis is a concept developed in toxicology, in which the effects on biological systems (cells, tissues, organs, organisms, populations) of exposure to a substance are reversed with increasing concentration (Calabrese and Baldwin 2003). Hormetic dose-response relationships can take two forms.…”

Section: Hormesis and Bertrand's Rulementioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of nutrition: a unifying framework

Simpson

Raubenheimer

2011

Aust. J. Zool.

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Abstract. We present a graphical approach, which we believe can help to integrate nutrition into the broader biological sciences, and introduce generality into the applied nutritional sciences. This 'Geometric Framework' takes account of the fact that animals need multiple nutrients in changing amounts and balance, and that nutrients come packaged in foods that are often hard to find, dangerous to subdue and costly to process. We then show how the Geometric Framework has been used to understand the links between nutrition and relevant aspects of the biology of individual animals. These aspects include the physiological mechanisms that direct the nutritional interactions of the animal with its environment, and the fitness consequences of these interactions. Having considered the implications of diet for individuals, we show that these effects can translate into the collective behaviour of groups and societies, and in turn ramify throughout food webs to influence the structure of ecosystems.

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“…in Ra-containing 'emanators' for producing radon drinking water. Many of these activities may nowadays be considered just as historical footnotes, while there seems, in the light of modern research on beneficial low-dose effects, to be more than a grain of truth in others, as hormesis has to be considered a central issue in modern toxicology [26].…”

Section: The First Decades Of Scientific Studies On Radon Sources Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obviously, hormetic effects of stressants including ionising radiation are more the rule than the exception in all areas of pharmacology, toxicology, etc. as well as for radiation effects [26,100]. Regarding radon therapy, it could for precautionary reasons be assumed that there may indeed be some negative effect at very high radon levels, and on particularly sensitive persons, such as children and pregnant women, who may thus be excluded from treatment.…”

Section: Dose Levels Administrative Questions and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

One century of radon therapy

Becker¹

2004

IJLR

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Supplementing a recent review 'Health effects of high radon environments in Central Europe: another test for the HLNT hypothesis [1]', this review of medical radon applications (in particular for the treatment of painful degenerative joint and spine diseases) covers mainly the first century of large-scale use and scientific studies on this subject since the discovery of radon. Most of the studies and experiences originated in Europe, in particular Germany, Austria, and the former USSR. They have in common that they are not well known in the anglophonic scientific literature, where radon therapy is still frequently considered a placebo-type 'traditional medicine', and not be compared with the drugs such as non-steroid antirheumatics. However, based on the substantial experiences as reflected in more than one thousand papers, mostly in peer-reviewed scientific journals, on this subject, radon therapy by inhalation or baths has been established as an evidence-based effective treatment not only by empirical experience in different times and cultures, but also in randomised clinical double-blind studies. It should be further explored as an effective alternative to the use of pharmaca. Unlike radon, drugs cause serious side effects, with more than ten thousand annual casualties. The benefits in the adequate use of low-dose radon exposures far exceed the hypothetical lung cancer risk attributed to the inhalation of low radon concentrations. Further research could provide better understanding of the mechanism of the stimulating radon effects on the body's defence systems.

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Toxicology rethinks its central belief

Cited by 602 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of nonylphenol on the growth and microcystin production of Microcystis strains

Effects of nonylphenol on the growth and microcystin production of Microcystis strains

The nature of nutrition: a unifying framework

One century of radon therapy

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