Toxigenic<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>Serogroup O141–Associated Cholera‐Like Diarrhea and Bloodstream Infection in the United States

Crump, John A.; Bopp, Cheryl A.; Greene, Katherine D.; Kubota, Kristy; Middendorf, Rebecca L; Wells, Joy G.; Mintz, Eric D.

doi:10.1086/368330

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Among non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae strains, the O141 serogroup is predominantly reported as a causative agent in sporadic cases of diarrhea. The majority of O141 isolates are reported to have ctx and tcpA genes (26,27). In this study, a V. cholerae isolate possessing multiple virulence factors, viz., ctx, vcsN2/vcsC2/ vopF (T3SS), and chxA, was found to be from the O141 serogroup (see Table S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Novel Cholix Toxin Variants, ADP-Ribosylating Toxins in Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/Non-O139 Strains, and Their Pathogenicity

et al. 2013

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e Cholix toxin (ChxA) is a recently discovered exotoxin in Vibrio cholerae which has been characterized as a third member of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins, in addition to exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and diphtheria toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. These toxins consist of three characteristic domains for receptor binding, translocation, and catalysis. However, there is little information about the prevalence of chxA and its genetic variations and pathogenic mechanisms. In this study, we screened the chxA gene in a large number (n ‫؍‬ 765) of V. cholerae strains and observed its presence exclusively in non-O1/non-O139 strains (27.0%; 53 of 196) and not in O1 (n ‫؍‬ 485) or O139 (n ‫؍‬ 84). Sequencing of these 53 chxA genes generated 29 subtypes which were grouped into three clusters designated chxA I, chxA II, and chxA III. chxA I belongs to the prototype, while chxA II and chxA III are newly discovered variants. ChxA II and ChxA III had unique receptor binding and catalytic domains, respectively, in comparison to ChxA I. Recombinant ChxA I (rChxA I) and rChxA II but not rChxA III showed variable cytotoxic effects on different eukaryotic cells. Although rChxA II was more lethal to mice than rChxA I when injected intravenously, no enterotoxicity of any rChxA was observed in a rabbit ileal loop test. Hepatocytes showed coagulation necrosis in rChxA I-or rChxA II-treated mice, seemingly the major target for ChxA. The present study illustrates the potential of ChxA as an important virulence factor in non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, which may be associated with extraintestinal infections rather than enterotoxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Novel Cholix Toxin Variants, ADP-Ribosylating Toxins in Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/Non-O139 Strains, and Their Pathogenicity

et al. 2013

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“…Despite treatment with intravenous fluid and antibiotics, he died within 24 hours of admission. Enterotoxigenic Vibrio cholerae El Tor, serotype Inaba was isolated from blood [22]. In 1986, McClesky et al reported a case of bacteremia by isolating non O1 Vibrio cholerae from a patient with cirrhosis after placement of LeVeen shunt [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Vibrio cholerae in Homogenized Tissues of Liver, Gall Bladder and Bile in Rabbit Model

Abdullah

Aamenah³

et al. 2014

Interdiscip J Microinflammation

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Vibrio cholerae O139 is well known as the causative agent of cholera. It is noninvasive but many reports suggested it to cause bacteremia which brings in a little controversy with the previously reported old literature especially after reported histopathological invasion pattern of Vibrio cholerae O139 and Vibrio cholerae O1 ElTor. The rabbits were processes for ileac loops inoculation of Vibrio cholerae O139 followed by biochemical and molecular analysis of the presence of Vibrio cholerae O139 in liver, gall bladder and bile. We concluded the presence of Vibrio cholerae in liver, bile and gall bladder homogenized tissue. Retrograde spreading of bacteria to the liver via the common bile duct was excluded by complete closure of the intestinal lumen distant to the duct in the intestinal lumen. However, the bacteria might traffic, probably via macrophages, to distant area in the body including the liver. Another study in future is a need to identify the lesions of Vibrio cholerae invasions within liver and gall bladder by immunohistochemistry and using GFP visibility for Vibrio cholerae passage.

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“…No elabora toxina colérica ni factor de colonización 13,14 . Su distribución es mundial y se las aísla preferentemente en estuarios, mares y ríos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…La bacteriemia es el segundo sitio de aislamiento donde se observa una alta mortalidad, hasta 60% en pacientes cirróticos 9,12,14,[18][19][20] . En el caso presentado, a diferencia de lo descrito en la literatura científica, evolucionó rápida y favorablemente con el tratamiento antimicrobiano parenteral.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea asociada a bacteriemia por Vibrio cholerae no O1, no O139

Ferreira

Yantorno

Mileo

et al. 2012

Rev. chil. infectol.

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ToxigenicVibrio choleraeSerogroup O141–Associated Cholera‐Like Diarrhea and Bloodstream Infection in the United States

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

Novel Cholix Toxin Variants, ADP-Ribosylating Toxins in Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/Non-O139 Strains, and Their Pathogenicity

Novel Cholix Toxin Variants, ADP-Ribosylating Toxins in Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/Non-O139 Strains, and Their Pathogenicity

Isolation of Vibrio cholerae in Homogenized Tissues of Liver, Gall Bladder and Bile in Rabbit Model

Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea asociada a bacteriemia por Vibrio cholerae no O1, no O139

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