Toxin-Antitoxin Systems and Bacterial Persistence (Review)

Zamakhaev, Mikhail V.; Гончаренко, А. В.; Шумков, М. С.

doi:10.1134/s0003683819060140

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 121 publications

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“…Nevertheless, three functions were attributed to them, post-segregational killing after a plasmid loss, abortive infection, or persister cell formation. Thus, TA gene pairs act as effectors of dormancy and persistence and contribute to the generation of non-growing bacterial cells in response to stress, including during host cell internalization [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. TA module expression regulation at the RNA and/or protein levels, toxin target selection and specificity, and antitoxin modes of negating the toxin effects, are elements that convert their actions into biological functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of the Type I Toxin–Antitoxin System, SprG1/SprF1, on Staphylococcus aureus Gene Expression

Chlebicka

Bonar

Suder

et al. 2021

Genes

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Type I toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread genetic modules in bacterial genomes. They express toxic peptides whose overexpression leads to growth arrest or cell death, whereas antitoxins regulate the expression of toxins, acting as labile antisense RNAs. The Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) genome contains and expresses several functional type I TA systems, but their biological functions remain unclear. Here, we addressed and challenged experimentally, by proteomics, if the type I TA system, the SprG1/SprF1 pair, influences the overall gene expression in S. aureus. Deleted and complemented S. aureus strains were analyzed for their proteomes, both intracellular and extracellular, during growth. Comparison of intracellular proteomes among the strains points to the SprF1 antitoxin as moderately downregulating protein expression. In the strain naturally expressing the SprG1 toxin, cytoplasmic proteins are excreted into the medium, but this is not due to unspecific cell leakages. Such a toxin-driven release of the cytoplasmic proteins may modulate the host inflammatory response that, in turn, could amplify the S. aureus infection spread.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of the Type I Toxin–Antitoxin System, SprG1/SprF1, on Staphylococcus aureus Gene Expression

Chlebicka

Bonar

Suder

et al. 2021

Genes

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In silico Study of the Proteins Involved in the Persistence of Brucella spp.

Asadollahi

Sadeghifard

Kazemian

et al. 2023

CDDT

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Background: One of the major problems with Brucella infections is its tendency to become chronic and recurrent, providing a hindrance to the management of this infection. It has been proposed that chronicity is so much affected by a phenomenon called persistence in bacteria. Several mechanisms are involved in bacterial persistence, including the type II toxin-antitoxin system, the SOS, Oxidative , and stringent response. Methods: In this in silico study, these persistence mechanisms in Brucella spp. were investigated. Results: the structure and the interactions between modules involved in these systems were designed, and novel peptides that can interfere with some of these important mechanisms were developed. Conclusion: Since peptide-based therapeutics are a new and evolving field due to their ease of production, we hope that peptides developed in this study, as well as the information about the structure and interactions of modules of persistence mechanisms, can further be used to design drugs against Brucella persister cells in the hope of restraining the chronic nature of Brucellosis.

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The Association of the mazEF Toxin-antitoxin System and Vancomycin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecalis

Sultan¹,

Gouda²

2022

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Vancomycin resistant enterococci are challenging bacteria as they are difficult to be eradicated. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are genetic elements located in most prokaryotic genomes. The mazEF TA system is harbored by a plasmid among Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). To explore the relation between the existence of mazEF TA system and vancomycin resistance among clinical isolates of E. faecalis. Samples were collected from patients showing clinical picture of infection. Isolates of E. faecalis were identified by standard microbiological methods and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were detected by disk diffusion method. In addition, the E-test was used to confirm vancomycin resistant isolates. All the E. faecalis isolates were screened for the mazEF TA system by PCR. A total of 180 E. faecalis strains were identified with a vancomycin resistance rate of 30.6%. Vancomycin resistance was significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay (P= 0.04) and ICU setting (P= 0.001). The mazEF TA system was detected among 100% of vancomycin resistant isolates, while only 33.6% of the vancomycin sensitive isolates carried the system with a significant difference (P= 0.002). In addition, there was a significant association between the mazEF TA system-positive strains and the ICU setting (P= 0.02). A significant association was found between vancomycin resistance and the presence of the mazEF TA system among E. faecalis isolates. This association supports the current efforts to utilize the mazEF TA system as a possible target for novel antibacterial agents; however, further studies on a wider scale are necessary.

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Toxin-Antitoxin Systems and Bacterial Persistence (Review)

Cited by 3 publications

References 121 publications

Impacts of the Type I Toxin–Antitoxin System, SprG1/SprF1, on Staphylococcus aureus Gene Expression

Impacts of the Type I Toxin–Antitoxin System, SprG1/SprF1, on Staphylococcus aureus Gene Expression

In silico Study of the Proteins Involved in the Persistence of Brucella spp.

The Association of the mazEF Toxin-antitoxin System and Vancomycin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecalis

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